PyCharm～～（社区版）+django 爬虫小项目｜Mac

biubiupick

已于 2024-03-29 14:57:44 修改

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文章标签： python django 爬虫

于 2024-01-11 10:17:01 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_55253469/article/details/135473812

版权

文中穿插的链接是上方学习资料来源

一、创建django项目：

1）导入需要的包

pip install requests django requests lxml panda pymysql jieba wordcloud matplotib scikit-learn -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
#国内镜像源 清华

在PyCharm：Terminal 中，在目标目录下创建django项目

django-admin startproject WhereToGo

这时候如果PyCharm中看不到项目：

PyCharm-File-Open、在目标目录下找到刚才创建的项目～～然后就找到啦～

1）创建APP

python manage.py startapp App #创建app 其名App

「App内：migrations文件夹：数据库迁移文件夹

2)创建模型

路径：App - models.py

class TravelInfo(models.Model):  # 继承
    id = models.AutoField('id', primary_key=True)  # 自增主键
    title = models.CharField('景区名', max_length=255, default='')  # 字符串字段 |django 默认不为空，有空要指明
    level = models.CharField('景区等级', max_length=255, default='')
    province = models.CharField('省份', max_length=255, default='')
    star = models.CharField('热度', max_length=255, default='')
    detailAddress = models.CharField('景点地址', max_length=255, default='')
    shortIntro = models.CharField('短评', max_length=255, default='')
    detailUrl = models.CharField('详细地址', max_length=255, default='')
    score = models.CharField('评分', max_length=255, default='')
    commentsLen = models.CharField('评论个数', max_length=255, default='')
    detailIntro = models.CharField('详细介绍', max_length=255, default='')
    img_list = models.CharField('图片列表', max_length=2550, default='')
    comments = models.CharField('用户评论', max_length=2555, default='')
    cover = models.CharField('封面', max_length=2555, default='')
    createTime = models.CharField('爬取时间', auto_now_add=True)  # 自动获取时间

https://www.cnblogs.com/jingzaixin/p/8670094.html

【默认头像设置】

1、准备一个喜欢的图片

2、创建两个文件（media、static)->media文件下创建文件avatar->将图片粘贴进去（注意名称格式要一致～）

diango目录下：[new]-[directory]

【完成后目录如下】

class User(models.Nodel):  # 继承
    id = models.AutoField('id', primary_key=True)  # 自增主键
    username = models.CharField('用户名', max_length=255, default='')  # 字符串字段 |django 默认不为空，有空要指明
    password = models.CharField('密码', max_length=255, default='')
    CharacterSet = models.CharField('设定', max_length=255, default='')  # 代替性别
    avatar = models.CharField('头像', upload_to='avatar', default='avatar/default.png')  # upload_to='avatar':自定义图片和文件上传路径（可优化）| default='avatar/default.png:默认头像
    textarea = models.CharField('个人简介', max_length=255, default='')
    createTime = models.CharField('创建时间', auto_now_add=True)  # 自动获取时间

路径：WhereToGo - settings.py

"""
Django settings for WhereToGo project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.2.9.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path
import os

# https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/427491751

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = "django-insecure-3(67ok*ri0-d+n9^o)^)zzun=unhc4-prs301#hmeu0i1bo=@k"

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
    'app'  # 添
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
    #   "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
]

ROOT_URLCONF = "WhereToGo.urls"

TEMPLATES = [  # 看到这里，请在App目录下创建一个文件叫做templates
    {
        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
        "DIRS": [BASE_DIR / 'templates'],  #目录
        "APP_DIRS": True,
        "OPTIONS": {
            "context_processors": [
                "django.template.context_processors.debug",
                "django.template.context_processors.request",
                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = "WhereToGo.wsgi.application"

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#databases


# 数据库～
DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",  #修改
        "NAME": "WhTGInfos",
        'User': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root',
        'HOST': 'localhost',  #本机
        'port': '3306'  # 端口

    }
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator",
    },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = "zh-hans"  # 设置中文语言

TIME_ZONE = "Asia/Shanghai"  # 时区

USE_I18N = True

USE_LION = True  # 时间属性｜一个布尔值，用于决定是否开启数据本地化。如果此设置为True，例如Django将使用当前语言环境的格式显示数字和日期。

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = "/static/"  # static 为根目录
STATICFILES_DIRS = {  # 定义额外的静态文件搜索地址。
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')  # os.path.join()：路径拼接文件路径，可以传入多个路径｜ BASE_DIR：django的根目录
}

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'  # 指向media文件
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')  # 用户上传的文件所在目录的，文件系统绝对路径，即文件上传到哪了～


# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"

Django -- settings配置属性 - 知乎

文件配置完～来运行一下吧～

python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

遇到报错可以检查下是不是对应的包没有安装｜ control + C 中止项目运行

【报错1：Did you install mysqlclient?】

【解决：django项目 - _init_.py 中添加代码】
import pymysql

pymysql.version_info = (1, 4, 13, "final", 0)
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

【报错2】

?: (staticfiles.E001) The STATICFILES_DIRS setting is not a tuple or list.
HINT: Perhaps you forgot a trailing comma?

【解决】settings.py中配置静态文件路径时在结尾加逗号

STATIC_URL = "/static/",  # static 为根目录

【报错3：】

?: (admin.E408) 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware' must be in MIDDLEWARE in order to use the admin application.
?: (admin.E409) 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware' must be in MIDDLEWARE in order to use the admin application.
?: (staticfiles.E001) The STATICFILES_DIRS setting is not a tuple or list.
HINT: Perhaps you forgot a trailing comma?

他说缺少我就加


MIDDLEWARE = [
    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
    # "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware", # 添加
    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",

]

# E001
STATICFILES_DIRS = [  # 定义额外的静态文件搜索地址。
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),  
]