前端基础之vue

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-17 19:45:31 发布

Leo&&Eva

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-17 19:45:31 发布

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分类专栏：谷粒商城项目日记文章标签：前端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_55336071/article/details/125095899

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安装 — Vue.js

介绍

MVVM思想：

M：model 包括数据和一些基本操作
V：view 视图，页面渲染结果
VM：View-model，模型与视图间的双向操作（无需开发人员干涉）
视图和数据通过VM绑定起来，model里有变化会自动地通过Directives填写到视view中，
视图表单中添加了内容也会自动地通过DOM Listeners保存到模型中。

示例

打开文件夹vue

然后终端输入以下命令初始化

npm init -y

然后安装vue

npm install vue@2

创建一个vue2,html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">
        <h1>
            {{name}}, nihao!
        </h1>
    </div>

    <script src="./node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
    <script>
        let vm = new Vue({
                el: "#app",
                data: {
                    name: "zhangsan"
                }
            });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

基本语法&插件下载

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">
        <input type="text" v-model="num">
        <button v-on:click="num++">加人</button>
        <button v-on:click="cancel">减人</button>
        <h1>{{name}}, nihao!,一共{{num}}人</h1>
    </div>

    <script src="./node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
    <script>
        //1. vue声明式渲染
        let vm = new Vue({
                el: "#app", //绑定元素
                data: {         //封装数据
                    name: "zhangsan",
                    num: 1
                },
                methods: {      //封装方法
                    cancel(){
                        this.num --;
                    }
                }
            });
        //2. 双向绑定，模型变化，视图变化。反之亦然

        //3. 事件处理

        //v-xx: 指令

        //1. 创建vue示例，关联页面的模板，将自己的数据（data）渲染到关联的模板，响应式的
        //2. 指令来简化对dom的一些操作
        //3. 声明方法来做更复杂的操作。methods里面可以封装方法

    </script>
</body>
</html>

插件安装地址

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/vuejs-devtools/ljjemllljcmogpfapbkkighbhhppjdbg/related?hl=zh-CN

插值表达式、v-text、v-html.html

花括号：只能写在标签体内，不能用在标签内。用v-bind解决 {{}}必须有返回值

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">
        {{msg}}<br/>
        <span v-html="msg"></span><br/>
        <span v-text="msg"></span><br/>

    </div>

    <script src="./node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
    <script>
        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            data: {
                msg:"<h1>hello</h1>"
            }
        })
    </script>
</body>
</html>

单向绑定v-bind

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>

    <!-- 给html标签的属性绑定 -->
    <div id="app"> 

        <a v-bind:href="link">gogogo</a>

        <!-- class,style  {class名：加上？}-->
        <span v-bind:class="{active:isActive,'text-danger':hasError}"
          :style="{color: color1,fontSize: size}">你好</span>


    </div>

    <script src="../node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>

    <script>
        let vm = new Vue({
            el:"#app",
            data:{
                link: "http://www.baidu.com",
                isActive:true,
                hasError:true,
                color1:'red',
                size:'36px'
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

双向绑定v-model

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>

    <!-- 表单项，自定义组件 -->
    <div id="app">

        精通的语言：
            <input type="checkbox" v-model="language" value="Java"> java<br/>
            <input type="checkbox" v-model="language" value="PHP"> PHP<br/>
            <input type="checkbox" v-model="language" value="Python"> Python<br/>
        选中了 {{language.join(",")}}
    </div>
    
    <script src="../node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>

    <script>
        let vm = new Vue({
            el:"#app",
            data:{
                language: []
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

v-on

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
                
        <!--事件中直接写js片段-->
        <button v-on:click="num++">点赞</button>
        <!--事件指定一个回调函数，必须是Vue实例中定义的函数-->
        <button @click="cancel">取消</button>
        <!--  -->
        <h1>有{{num}}个赞</h1>


        <!-- 事件修饰符 -->
        <div style="border: 1px solid red;padding: 20px;" v-on:click.once="hello">
            大div
            <div style="border: 1px solid blue;padding: 20px;" @click.stop="hello">
                小div <br />
                <a href="http://www.baidu.com" @click.prevent.stop="hello">去百度</a>
            </div>
        </div>



        <!-- 按键修饰符： -->
        <input type="text" v-model="num" v-on:keyup.up="num+=2" @keyup.down="num-=2" @click.ctrl="num=10"><br />

        提示：

    </div>
    <script src="../node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>

    <script>
        new Vue({
            el:"#app",
            data:{
                num: 1
            },
            methods:{
                cancel(){
                    this.num--;
                },
                hello(){
                    alert("点击了")
                }
            }
        })
    </script>
</body>

</html>

v-for

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>

    <div id="app">
        <ul>
            <li v-for="(user,index) in users" :key="user.name" v-if="user.gender == '女'">
                <!-- 1、显示user信息：v-for="item in items" -->
               当前索引：{{index}} ==> {{user.name}}  ==>   {{user.gender}} ==>{{user.age}} <br>
                <!-- 2、获取数组下标：v-for="(item,index) in items" -->
                <!-- 3、遍历对象：
                        v-for="value in object"
                        v-for="(value,key) in object"
                        v-for="(value,key,index) in object" 
                -->
                对象信息：
                <span v-for="(v,k,i) in user">{{k}}=={{v}}=={{i}}；</span>
                <!-- 4、遍历的时候都加上:key来区分不同数据，提高vue渲染效率 -->
            </li>

            
        </ul>

        <ul>
            <li v-for="(num,index) in nums" :key="index"></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <script src="../node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
    <script>         
        let app = new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            data: {
                users: [{ name: '柳岩', gender: '女', age: 21 },
                { name: '张三', gender: '男', age: 18 },
                { name: '范冰冰', gender: '女', age: 24 },
                { name: '刘亦菲', gender: '女', age: 18 },
                { name: '古力娜扎', gender: '女', age: 25 }],
                nums: [1,2,3,4,4]
            },
        })
    </script>
</body>

</html>

v-if和v-show

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
    <!-- 
        v-if，顾名思义，条件判断。当得到结果为true时，所在的元素才会被渲染。
        v-show，当得到结果为true时，所在的元素才会被显示。 
    -->
    <div id="app">
        <button v-on:click="show = !show">点我呀</button>
        <!-- 1、使用v-if显示 -->
        <h1 v-if="show">if=看到我....</h1>
        <!-- 2、使用v-show显示 -->
        <h1 v-show="show">show=看到我</h1>
    </div>

    <script src="../node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
        
    <script>
        let app = new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            data: {
                show: true
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>

</html>

v-else和v-else-if

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <button v-on:click="random=Math.random()">点我呀</button>
        <span>{{random}}</span>

        <h1 v-if="random>=0.75">
            看到我啦？！ &gt;= 0.75
        </h1>

        <h1 v-else-if="random>=0.5">
            看到我啦？！ &gt;= 0.5
        </h1>

        <h1 v-else-if="random>=0.2">
            看到我啦？！ &gt;= 0.2
        </h1>

        <h1 v-else>
            看到我啦？！ &lt; 0.2
        </h1>

    </div>


    <script src="../node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
        
    <script>         
        let app = new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            data: { random: 1 }
        })     
    </script>
</body>

</html>

计算属性和侦听器

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <!-- 某些结果是基于之前数据实时计算出来的，我们可以利用计算属性。来完成 -->
        <ul>
            <li>西游记； 价格：{{xyjPrice}}，数量：<input type="number" v-model="xyjNum"> </li>
            <li>水浒传； 价格：{{shzPrice}}，数量：<input type="number" v-model="shzNum"> </li> 
            <li>总价：{{totalPrice}}</li>
            {{msg}}
        </ul>
    </div>
    <script src="../node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>

    <script>
        //watch可以让我们监控一个值的变化。从而做出相应的反应。
        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            data: {
                xyjPrice: 99.98,
                shzPrice: 98.00,
                xyjNum: 1,
                shzNum: 1,
                msg: ""
            },
            computed: {
                totalPrice(){
                    return this.xyjPrice*this.xyjNum + this.shzPrice*this.shzNum
                }
            },
            watch: {
                xyjNum(newVal,oldVal){
                    if(newVal>=3){
                        this.msg = "库存超出限制";
                        this.xyjNum = 3
                    }else{
                        this.msg = "";
                    }
                }
            },
        })
    </script>

</body>

</html>

计算属性和侦听器

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <!-- 某些结果是基于之前数据实时计算出来的，我们可以利用计算属性。来完成 -->
        <ul>
            <li>西游记； 价格：{{xyjPrice}}，数量：<input type="number" v-model="xyjNum"> </li>
            <li>水浒传； 价格：{{shzPrice}}，数量：<input type="number" v-model="shzNum"> </li> 
            <li>总价：{{totalPrice}}</li>
            {{msg}}
        </ul>
    </div>
    <script src="../node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>

    <script>
        //watch可以让我们监控一个值的变化。从而做出相应的反应。
        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            data: {
                xyjPrice: 99.98,
                shzPrice: 98.00,
                xyjNum: 1,
                shzNum: 1,
                msg: ""
            },
            computed: {
                totalPrice(){
                    return this.xyjPrice*this.xyjNum + this.shzPrice*this.shzNum
                }
            },
            watch: {
                xyjNum(newVal,oldVal){
                    if(newVal>=3){
                        this.msg = "库存超出限制";
                        this.xyjNum = 3
                    }else{
                        this.msg = "";
                    }
                }
            },
        })
    </script>

</body>

</html>

过滤器

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
    <!-- 过滤器常用来处理文本格式化的操作。过滤器可以用在两个地方：双花括号插值和 v-bind 表达式 -->
    <div id="app">
        <ul>
            <li v-for="user in userList">
                {{user.id}} ==> {{user.name}} ==> {{user.gender == 1?"男":"女"}} ==>
                {{user.gender | genderFilter}} ==> {{user.gender | gFilter}}
            </li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <script src="../node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>

    <script>

        Vue.filter("gFilter", function (val) {
            if (val == 1) {
                return "男~~~";
            } else {
                return "女~~~";
            }
        })

        let vm = new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            data: {
                userList: [
                    { id: 1, name: 'jacky', gender: 1 },
                    { id: 2, name: 'peter', gender: 0 }
                ]
            },
            filters: {
                 filters 定义局部过滤器，只可以在当前vue实例中使用
                genderFilter(val) {
                    if (val == 1) {
                        return "男";
                    } else {
                        return "女";
                    }
                }
            }
        })
    </script>
</body>

</html>

组件化

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>

    <div id="app">
        <button v-on:click="count++">我被点击了 {{count}} 次</button>

        <counter></counter>
        <counter></counter>
        <counter></counter>
        <counter></counter>
        <counter></counter>

        <button-counter></button-counter>
    </div>
    <script src="../node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>


    <script>
        //1、全局声明注册一个组件
        Vue.component("counter", {
            template: `<button v-on:click="count++">我被点击了 {{count}} 次</button>`,
            data() {
                return {
                    count: 1
                }
            }
        });

        //2、局部声明一个组件
        const buttonCounter = {
            template: `<button v-on:click="count++">我被点击了 {{count}} 次~~~</button>`,
            data() {
                return {
                    count: 1
                }
            }
        };

        new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            data: {
                count: 1
            },
            components: {
                'button-counter': buttonCounter
            }
        })
    </script>
</body>

</html>

生命周期&钩子函数

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <span id="num">{{num}}</span>
        <button @click="num++">赞！</button>
        <h2>{{name}}，有{{num}}个人点赞</h2>
    </div>

    <script src="../node_modules/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
    
    <script>
        let app = new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            data: {
                name: "张三",
                num: 100
            },
            methods: {
                show() {
                    return this.name;
                },
                add() {
                    this.num++;
                }
            },
            beforeCreate() {
                console.log("=========beforeCreate=============");
                console.log("数据模型未加载：" + this.name, this.num);
                console.log("方法未加载：" + this.show());
                console.log("html模板未加载：" + document.getElementById("num"));
            },
            created: function () {
                console.log("=========created=============");
                console.log("数据模型已加载：" + this.name, this.num);
                console.log("方法已加载：" + this.show());
                console.log("html模板已加载：" + document.getElementById("num"));
                console.log("html模板未渲染：" + document.getElementById("num").innerText);
            },
            beforeMount() {
                console.log("=========beforeMount=============");
                console.log("html模板未渲染：" + document.getElementById("num").innerText);
            },
            mounted() {
                console.log("=========mounted=============");
                console.log("html模板已渲染：" + document.getElementById("num").innerText);
            },
            beforeUpdate() {
                console.log("=========beforeUpdate=============");
                console.log("数据模型已更新：" + this.num);
                console.log("html模板未更新：" + document.getElementById("num").innerText);
            },
            updated() {
                console.log("=========updated=============");
                console.log("数据模型已更新：" + this.num);
                console.log("html模板已更新：" + document.getElementById("num").innerText);
            }
        });
    </script>
</body>

</html>

使用Vue脚手架进行开发

全局安装webpack
1 npm install webpack -g
全局安装vue脚手架
2 npm install -g @vue/cli-init
3 初始化vue项目
vue init webpack appname:vue脚手架使用webpack模板初始化一个appname项目
4 启动vue项目
项目的package.json中有scripts,代表我们能运行的命令
npm start = npm run dev: 启动项目
npm run build:将项目打包

使用element-ui

推荐使用 npm 的方式安装，它能更好地和 webpack 打包工具配合使用。
npm i element-ui -S

在 main.js 中写入以下内容：
import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
Vue.use(ElementUI);