it公司项目（cisco）

• 目标

一家新创建的IT公司，公司位于北京有80多台服务器。目前网络环境使用技术，通过端口映射技术将web服务器发布给Internet：

→ 三层交换：汇聚接入层交换机

→ 默认路由：实现到互联网数以万计网络访问的简化配置

→ 静态路由：实现公司内部网络互通

→ NAT端口映射：实现企业内部Web服务器的发布

• 方案

通过端口映射技术将web服务器发布给Internet，公司现有网络环境拓扑如下图所示：

         

现有网络连接说明如下表所示：

• 步骤

步骤一：根据表-1为设备配置IP地址，并为三层交换机开启路由功能

1）MS1配置vlan1与f0/1接口的IP地址并开启路由功能

Switch(config)#hostname MS1

MS1(config)#ip routing

MS1(config)#interface vlan 1

MS1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.252 255.255.255.0

MS1(config-if)#no shutdown

MS1(config-if)#exit

MS1(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

MS1(config-if)#no switchport

MS1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

MS1(config-if)#no shutdown

步骤二：为路由器配置IP地址，添加接口模块

1）为路由器添加接口模块并进入路由器接口配置IP地址

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 61.159.62.129 255.255.255.248

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

步骤三：配置MS1和路由器的静态路由

MS1(config-if)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1

步骤四：测试server1与R1接口IP的连通性

PC>ping 192.168.2.2

Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

PC>ping 61.159.62.129

Pinging 61.159.62.129 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 61.159.62.129: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254

Reply from 61.159.62.129: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

Reply from 61.159.62.129: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=254

Reply from 61.159.62.129: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 61.159.62.129:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 0ms

步骤五：R1配置端口映射

R1(config)#ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.1.8 80 61.159.62.131 80

R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#ip nat inside

R1(config)#interface f1/0

R1(config-if)#ip nat outside

步骤六：在PC7上查看是映射结果，如下图所示

项目阶段练习

• 目标

现有网络问题分析：

→ 接入层交换机只与同一个三层交换机相连，存在单点故障而影响网络通信。

→ 互联网连接单一服务商。

• 现有网络需求

→ 随着企业发展，为了保证网络的高可用性，需要使用很多的冗余技术。

→ 保证局域网络不会因为线路故障而导致的网络故障。

→ 保证客户端机器不会因为使用单一网关而出现的单点失败。

→ 保证到互联网的高可用接入使用冗余互联网连接。

→ 提高网络链路带宽。

• 方案

基于项目的需求，需要用到如下技术：

→ STP：解决二层环路带来的广播风暴并链路冗余问题

→ 以太网通道：提高网络链路带宽

→ RIP路由协议：实现网络路径的自动学习

→ HSRP：实现网关冗余

重新规划后的网络拓扑如下图：

重新规划后网络连接说明如下表所示:

• 步骤

步骤一：静态路由升级动态路由

1）R1删除静态路由并配置rip

R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config-router)#version 2

R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0

R1(config-router)#default-information originate

2）MS1上删除静态路由并配置rip

MS1(config)#no ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2

MS1(config)#router rip

MS1(config-router)#version 2

MS1(config-router)#no auto-summary

MS1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

MS1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0

3）在MS1上查看路由表

MS1#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan1

C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

R* 0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/1

步骤二：配置SW1、SW2、SW3、SW4与MS1的接口为Trunk模式并做以太网通道。

1）SW1、SW2、SW3、SW4上做与MS1之间的trunk与以太网通道

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/5-6

SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

SW1(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on

Switch(config)#hostname SW2

SW2(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/7-8

SW2(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

SW2(config-if-range)#channel-group 2 mode on

Switch(config)#hostname SW3

SW3(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/9-10

SW3(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

SW3(config-if-range)#channel-group 3 mode on

Switch(config)#hostname SW4

SW4(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/11-12

SW4(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

SW4(config-if-range)#channel-group 4 mode on

2）MS1与SW1、SW2、SW3、SW4之间做以太网通道并启用trunk

MS1(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/5-6

MS1(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

MS1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

MS1(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on

MS1(config-if-range)#exit

MS1(config-if-range)#interface range fastEthernet 0/7-8

MS1(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

MS1(config-if-range)#channel-group 2 mode on

MS1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

MS1(config-if-range)#exit

MS1(config-if-range)#interface range fastEthernet 0/9-10

MS1(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

MS1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

MS1(config-if-range)#channel-group 3 mode on

MS1(config-if-range)#exit

MS1(config-if-range)#interface range fastEthernet 0/11-12

MS1(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

MS1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk on

MS1(config-if-range)#channel-group 4 mode on

步骤三：添加MS2并配置与MS1、SW1、SW2、SW3、SW4之间的太网通道。

1）在MS1上配置与MS2的以太网通道

MS1(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/13-15

MS1(config-if-range)#channel-group 5 mode on

MS1(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

MS1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

2）在MS2并配置与MS1、SW1、SW2、SW3、SW4之间的太网通道

MS2(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/10-12

MS2(config-if-range)#channel-group 5 mode on

MS2(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

MS2(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

MS2(config-if-range)#exit

MS2(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/2-3

MS2(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on

MS2(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

MS2(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

MS2(config-if-range)#exit

MS2(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/4-5

MS2(config-if-range)#channel-group 2 mode on

MS2(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

MS2(config-if-range)#exit

MS2(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/6-7

MS2(config-if-range)#channel-group 3 mode on

MS2(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

MS2(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

MS2(config-if-range)#exit

MS2(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/8-9

MS2(config-if-range)#channel-group 4 mode on

MS2(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

MS2(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

3）在MS1上查看以太网通道

MS1>show etherchannel port-channel

Channel-group listing:

----------------------

Group: 1

----------

Port-channels in the group:

---------------------------

Port-channel: Po1

------------

Age of the Port-channel = 00d:00h:05m:21s

Logical slot/port = 2/1 Number of ports = 2

GC = 0x00000000 HotStandBy port = null

Port state = Port-channel

Protocol = PAGP

Port Security = Disabled

Ports in the Port-channel:

Index Load Port EC state No of bits

------+------+------+------------------+-----------

0 00 Fa0/5 On 0

0 00 Fa0/6 On 0

Time since last port bundled: 00d:00h:05m:21s Fa0/6

Group: 2

----------

Port-channels in the group:

---------------------------

Port-channel: Po2

------------

Age of the Port-channel = 00d:00h:05m:21s

Logical slot/port = 2/2 Number of ports = 2

GC = 0x00000000 HotStandBy port = null

Port state = Port-channel

Protocol = PAGP

Port Security = Disabled

Ports in the Port-channel:

Index Load Port EC state No of bits

------+------+------+------------------+-----------

0 00 Fa0/7 On 0

0 00 Fa0/8 On 0

Time since last port bundled: 00d:00h:05m:21s Fa0/8

Group: 3

---------

Port-channels in the group:

---------------------------

Port-channel: Po3

------------

Age of the Port-channel = 00d:00h:05m:21s

Logical slot/port = 2/3 Number of ports = 2

GC = 0x00000000 HotStandBy port = null

Port state = Port-channel

Protocol = PAGP

Port Security = Disabled

Ports in the Port-channel:

Index Load Port EC state No of bits

------+------+------+------------------+-----------

0 00 Fa0/9 On 0

0 00 Fa0/10 On 0

Time since last port bundled: 00d:00h:05m:21s Fa0/10

Group: 4

----------

Port-channels in the group:

--------------------------

Port-channel: Po4

------------

Age of the Port-channel = 00d:00h:05m:21s

Logical slot/port = 2/4 Number of ports = 2

GC = 0x00000000 HotStandBy port = null

Port state = Port-channel

Protocol = PAGP

Port Security = Disabled

Ports in the Port-channel:

Index Load Port EC state No of bits

------+------+------+------------------+-----------

0 00 Fa0/11 On 0

0 00 Fa0/12 On 0

Time since last port bundled: 00d:00h:05m:21s Fa0/12

Group: 5

----------

Port-channels in the group:

---------------------------

Port-channel: Po5

------------

Age of the Port-channel = 00d:00h:08m:11s

Logical slot/port = 2/5 Number of ports = 3

GC = 0x00000000 HotStandBy port = null

Port state = Port-channel

Protocol = PAGP

Port Security = Disabled

Ports in the Port-channel:

Index Load Port EC state No of bits

------+------+------+------------------+-----------

0 00 Fa0/13 On 0

0 00 Fa0/14 On 0

0 00 Fa0/15 On 0

Time since last port bundled: 00d:00h:08m:11s Fa0/15

步骤四：MS1与MS2配置STP

1）在MS1和MS2上配置stp

MS1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary

MS2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root secondary

2）在MS1和MS2上查看stp

MS1# show spanning-tree vlan 1

VLAN0001

Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 24577

Address 0004.9A70.6B06

This bridge is the root   

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 24577 (priority 24576 sys-id-ext 1)

Address 0004.9A70.6B06

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Aging Time 20

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Po1 Desg FWD 9 128.27 Shr

Po2 Desg FWD 9 128.28 Shr

Po3 Desg FWD 9 128.29 Shr

Po4 Desg FWD 9 128.30 Shr

Po5 Desg FWD 8 128.31 Shr

MS2#show spanning-tree vlan 1

VLAN0001

Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 24577

Address 0004.9A70.6B06

Cost 8

Port 31(Port-channel 5)

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 28673 (priority 28672 sys-id-ext 1)

Address 0006.2A05.A2BA

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Aging Time 20

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Po1 Desg FWD 9 128.27 Shr

Po2 Desg FWD 9 128.28 Shr

Po3 Desg FWD 9 128.29 Shr

Po4 Desg FWD 9 128.30 Shr

Po5 Root FWD 8 128.31 Shr

步骤五：HSRP配置

1）MS1配置HSRP

MS1(config)#interface vlan 1

MS1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.1.254

MS1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 200

MS1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

2）MS2配置HSRP开启路由功能

MS2(config)#ip routing

MS2(config)#interface vlan 1

MS2(config)#ip address 192.168.1.253 255.255.255.0

MS2(config)#no shutdown

MS2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.1.254

MS2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 195

MS2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

3）配置MS1交换机的HSRP的端口跟踪，关闭跟踪接口，并在MS1和MS2上查看HSRP状态

MS1(config)# MS1(config)#interface vlan 1

MS1(config-if)#standby 1 track fastEthernet 0/1

MS1(config-if)#exit

MS1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

MS1(config-if)#shutdown

MS1#show standby brief

P indicates configured to preempt.

|

Interface  Grp   Pri P   State      Active         Standby   Virtual IP

Vl1         1     190 P   Standby   192.168.1.253  local    192.168.1.254

MS2#show standby brief

P indicates configured to preempt.

Interface   Grp   Pri  P    State    Active  Standby          Virtual IP

Vl1           1    195  P    Active   local   192.168.1.252    192.168.1.254

步骤六：MS2连接R1并配置rip

1)为R1与MS2相连接的接口配置IP地址 并配置rip

R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/24

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config-router)# version 2

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0

MS2(config-if)#exit

MS2(config)#router rip

MS2(config-router)#version 2

MS2(config-router)#no auto-summary

MS2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

步骤七：添加路由器R2， 为R2配置默认路由，R2与MS1、MS2、Internet相连并为配置IP与动态路由

1)配置R2的IP地址、rip、默认路由。

Router(config)hostname R2

R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 61.159.62.130 255.255.255.248

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 fastEthernet 1/0

R2(config)#router rip

R2(config-router)#version 2

R2(config-router)#no auto-summary

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0

R2(config-router)#default-information originate

2）MS2配置IP地址添加动态路由条目

MS2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

MS2(config-if)#no switchport

MS2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0

MS2(config-if)#no shutdown

MS2(config-if)#exit

MS2(config)#router rip

R2(config-router)#version 2

MS2(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0

3）MS1配置IP地址添加动态路由条目

MS1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/24

MS1(config-if)#no switchport

MS1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0

MS1(config-if)#no shutdown

MS1(config-if)#exit

MS1(config)#router rip

R2(config-router)#version 2

MS1(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0

4)在客户端测试网络的联通性

SERVER>ipconfig

FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)

Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::201:96FF:FEA8:404B

IP Address......................: 192.168.1.1

Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0

Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.254

SERVER>ping 192.168.2.1

Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.1:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

SERVER>ping 192.168.3.1

Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 2, Lost = 2 (50% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

SERVER>ping 192.168.4.1

Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255

Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

SERVER>ping 192.168.5.1

Pinging 192.168.5.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255

Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255

Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255

Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 192.168.5.1:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

SERVER>ping 192.168.2.2

Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=254

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 3ms

SERVER>ping 192.168.3.2

Pinging 192.168.3.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254

Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 192.168.3.2:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

5）关闭MS1

MS1(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1-24

MS1(config-if-range)#shutdown

6）在外网测试是否可以访问web服务器如下图所示:

步骤八：在R2上配置端口映射

1）在R2上配置端口映射，指定NAT进口

R2(config)#ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.1.8 80 61.159.62.131 80

R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R2(config-if)#ip nat inside

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

R2(config-if)#ip nat inside

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0

R2(config-if)#ip nat outside

2）关闭R1（如下图所示）测试外网是否可以正常访问web服务器（因为模拟器有BUG所以需要填加一台Internet主机IP：61.159.62.133测试如下下图所示）:

可以访问web服务器证明项目升级成功

谢谢大家观看！！！！