软件设计模式——用Java代码实现物种特征

题目：某游戏公司现欲开发一款面向儿童的模拟游戏，该游戏主要模拟现实世界中各种鸭子的发声特征、飞行特征和外观特征。
游戏需要模拟的鸭子种类及其特征如下表所示。

首先定义三个接口：

• 发声特征

public interface Sound {
	public abstract void playSound();
}

• 飞行特征

public interface Fly {
	public abstract void flySpecies();
}

• 外观特征

public interface Appearence {
	public abstract void AprSpecies();
}

然后根据三个接口实现每种特征（接口）的不同类型（方法），即方法重写。

• 发声特征的三种类型（方法）

public class Quack implements Sound{
	public void playSound() {
		System.out.println("嘎嘎...嘎嘎");
	}
}

public class QuackNoWay implements Sound{
	public void playSound() {
		System.out.println("不发声");
	}
}

public class Squeak implements Sound{
	public void playSound() {
		System.out.println("发出橡皮与空气摩擦声");
	}
}

• 飞行特征的两种类型（方法）

public class FlyWithWings implements Fly{
	public void flySpecies() {
		System.out.println("翅膀飞行");
	}
}

public class FlyNoWay implements Fly{
	public void flySpecies() {
		System.out.println("不能飞行");
	}
}

• 外观特征的四种类型（方法）

public class MallardDuckApr implements Appearence{
	public void AprSpecies() {
		System.out.println("灰色羽毛");
	}
}

public class RedHeadDuckApr implements Appearence{
	public void AprSpecies() {
		System.out.println("灰色制毛-红头");
	}
}

public class CottonDuckApr implements Appearence{
	public void AprSpecies() {
		System.out.println("白色");
	}
}

public class RubherDuckApr implements Appearence{
	public void AprSpecies() {
		System.out.println("黑白橡皮色");
	}
}

实现三种特征（接口）的不同类型（方法）后，创建四个类，实现四种鸭子的各个特征（方法）。

• 灰鸭( MallardDuck)

public class MallardDuck{
	Sound sound;
	Fly fly;
	Appearence appearence;
	public void setSound(Sound sound) {
		this.sound=sound;
	}
	public void play() {
		if(sound!=null)
			sound.playSound();
		else
			System.out.println("没有可选择的声音");
	}
	public void setFly(Fly fly) {
		this.fly=fly;
	}
	public void species() {
		if(fly!=null)
			fly.flySpecies();
		else
			System.out.println("没有可选择的飞行特征");
	}
	public void setAppearence(Appearence appearence) {
		this.appearence=appearence;
	}
	public void apr() {
		if(appearence!=null)
			appearence.AprSpecies();
		else
			System.out.println("没有可选择的外观特征");
	}
}

• 红头鸭(RedHeadDuck)

public class RedHeadDuck{
	Sound sound;
	Fly fly;
	Appearence appearence;
	public void setSound(Sound sound) {
		this.sound=sound;
	}
	public void play() {
		if(sound!=null)
			sound.playSound();
		else
			System.out.println("没有可选择的声音");
	}
	public void setFly(Fly fly) {
		this.fly=fly;
	}
	public void species() {
		if(fly!=null)
			fly.flySpecies();
		else
			System.out.println("没有可选择的飞行特征");
	}
	public void setAppearence(Appearence appearence) {
		this.appearence=appearence;
	}
	public void apr() {
		if(appearence!=null)
			appearence.AprSpecies();
		else
			System.out.println("没有可选择的外观特征");
	}
}

• 棉花鸭(CottonDuck)

public class CottonDuck{
	Sound sound;
	Fly fly;
	Appearence appearence;
	public void setSound(Sound sound) {
		this.sound=sound;
	}
	public void play() {
		if(sound!=null)
			sound.playSound();
		else
			System.out.println("没有可选择的声音");
	}
	public void setFly(Fly fly) {
		this.fly=fly;
	}
	public void species() {
		if(fly!=null)
			fly.flySpecies();
		else
			System.out.println("没有可选择的飞行特征");
	}
	public void setAppearence(Appearence appearence) {
		this.appearence=appearence;
	}
	public void apr() {
		if(appearence!=null)
			appearence.AprSpecies();
		else
			System.out.println("没有可选择的外观特征");
	}
}

• 橡皮鸭(RubherDuck)

public class RubherDuck{
	Sound sound;
	Fly fly;
	Appearence appearence;
	public void setSound(Sound sound) {
		this.sound=sound;
	}
	public void play() {
		if(sound!=null)
			sound.playSound();
		else
			System.out.println("没有可选择的声音");
	}
	public void setFly(Fly fly) {
		this.fly=fly;
	}
	public void species() {
		if(fly!=null)
			fly.flySpecies();
		else
			System.out.println("没有可选择的飞行特征");
	}
	public void setAppearence(Appearence appearence) {
		this.appearence=appearence;
	}
	public void apr() {
		if(appearence!=null)
			appearence.AprSpecies();
		else
			System.out.println("没有可选择的外观特征");
	}
}

最后创建一个类实现整个软件效果：

public class Application {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		MallardDuck mallardDuck = new MallardDuck();
		System.out.printf("灰鸭的发声特征：");
		mallardDuck.setSound(new Quack());
		mallardDuck.play();
		System.out.printf("灰鸭的飞行特征：");
		mallardDuck.setFly(new FlyWithWings());
		mallardDuck.species();
		System.out.printf("灰鸭的外观特征：");
		mallardDuck.setAppearence(new MallardDuckApr());
		mallardDuck.apr();
		System.out.println("------------------------------");
		
		RedHeadDuck redHeadDuck = new RedHeadDuck();
		System.out.printf("红头鸭的发声特征：");
		redHeadDuck.setSound(new Quack());
		redHeadDuck.play();
		System.out.printf("红头鸭的飞行特征：");
		redHeadDuck.setFly(new FlyWithWings());
		redHeadDuck.species();
		System.out.printf("红头鸭的外观特征：");
		redHeadDuck.setAppearence(new RedHeadDuckApr());
		redHeadDuck.apr();
		System.out.println("------------------------------");
		
		CottonDuck cottonDuck = new CottonDuck();
		System.out.printf("棉花鸭的发声特征：");
		cottonDuck.setSound(new QuackNoWay());
		cottonDuck.play();
		System.out.printf("棉花鸭的飞行特征：");
		cottonDuck.setFly(new FlyNoWay());
		cottonDuck.species();
		System.out.printf("棉花鸭的外观特征：");
		cottonDuck.setAppearence(new CottonDuckApr());
		cottonDuck.apr();
		System.out.println("------------------------------");
		
		RubherDuck rubherDuck = new RubherDuck();
		System.out.printf("橡皮鸭的发声特征：");
		rubherDuck.setSound(new Squeak());
		rubherDuck.play();
		System.out.printf("橡皮鸭的飞行特征：");
		rubherDuck.setFly(new FlyNoWay());
		rubherDuck.species();
		System.out.printf("橡皮鸭的外观特征：");
		rubherDuck.setAppearence(new RubherDuckApr());
		rubherDuck.apr();
	}
}

运行结果：