Hystrix服务降级（1）

Hystrix是一个用于处理分布式系统的延迟和容错的开源库，它能够保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下，不会导致整体服务失败，避免级联故障，以提高分布式系统的弹性。
在分布式系统中，服务与服务之间的调用难免会发生调用失败、超时、异常等情况；为了解决这些问题，可以用到Hystrix的服务降级。

在前面OpenFeign调服务的基础上，我们可以新增一个模块来进行服务降级的测试

 首先编写pom 文件

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--引入自己定义的通用api包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.cq.better</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--mybatisplus-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.22</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--druid-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--thymeleaf-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.75</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

 yml文件

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-provider-hystrix-payment
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xxx?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: xxx
    password: xxx
eureka:
  client:
    #false表示不向服务端注册自己
    register-with-eureka: true
    #false表示自己端就是注册中心，我的职责就是维护服务实例，并不需要去检索服务
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      #设置与Eureka Server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/ #集群版
  instance:
    instance-id: PaymentHystrix8001
    prefer-ip-address: true #访问路径可以显示IP地址

主启动类PaymentHystrixMain8001

（主启动类要加上注解@EnableCircuitBreaker）

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

service接口和实现类

public interface PaymentService
{
    public String paymentInfo_ok(Integer id);

    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id);
}

 在impl实现类的paymentInfo_TimeOut方法中，设置睡眠5秒钟；

在头上加上注解：

@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
        @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "3000")
}) 

 "fallbackMethod"：服务调用失败时，调用paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler方法；；

"execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "3000"：时间为3秒，超过3秒就执行

paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler方法。

（因为睡眠时间为5秒，而注解设置的时间为3秒，所以3秒后睡眠时间还没结束，服务未通，就会执行paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler）

@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService
{
    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_ok(Integer id)
    {
        return "线程池："+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" paymentInfo_ok,id: "+id+"\t"+"O(∩_∩)O哈哈~";
    }

    @Override
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "3000")
    })
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id)
    {
        int timeNumber = 5;
        try
        {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timeNumber);
        } catch (InterruptedException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "线程池："+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" paymentInfo_TimeOut,id: "+id+"\t"+"O(∩_∩)O哈哈~"+"耗时（秒）"+timeNumber;
    }

    public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id)
    {
        return "线程池："+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 系统繁忙或运行报错，请稍后再试...,id: "+id+"\t"+"/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~";
    }
}

controller类

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController
{
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_ok(id);
        log.info("--->result:"+result);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        log.info("--->result:"+result);
        return result;
    }
}

启动服务后进行测试 localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/timeout/1

会发现服务降级成功