Spring IOC & DI

什么是IOC & DI

IOC(Inversion of Control 控制反转)是面向对象编程中的一种设计模式

其最常见的方式叫做DI(Dependency Injection 依赖注入)
项目常见的后端代码结构如下:
在这里插入图片描述

引入注解后

代码实现
User模块实体类:User.java

package entity;

public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer gender;
  
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(Integer gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }
}

User模块视图类:UserVo.java

public class UserVo {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer gender;
    private String genderName;
    
  public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(Integer gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public String getGenderName() {
        return genderName;
    }

    public void setGenderName(String genderName) {
        this.genderName = genderName;
    }

    public UserVo() {
    }
    public UserVo(User user) {
        this.id = user.getId();
        this.name = user.getName();
        this.gender = user.getGender();
    }


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "UserVo{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", gender=" + gender +
                ", genderName='" + genderName + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

User模块Dao层:UserDao.java

public interface UserDao {
    User getEntity(Integer id);
}

User模块Dao层实现类:UserDaoImpl.java

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    public User getEntity(Integer id) {
        // 此处应该从数据库查询值 方便起见直接返回一个固定对象
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setName("Anne");
        user.setGender(0);
        return user;
    }
}

User模块Service层:UserService.java

public interface UserService {
    UserVo getVo(Integer id);
}

User模块Service层实现类:UserServiceImpl.java



public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;

    public UserVo getVo(Integer id) {
        // 手动实例化Dao
        userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
        // 执行Dao层方法
        User user = userDao.getEntity(id);
        // 省略业务逻辑处理。。。
        UserVo userVo = new UserVo(user);
        userVo.setGenderName(userVo.getGender() == 0 ? "female" : "male");
        return userVo;
    }
}

User模块Controller层:UserController.java

public class UserController {
    private UserService userService;

    public UserVo getVo(Integer id) {
        // 手动实例化Service
        userService = new UserServiceImpl();
        // 执行Service层方法并返回
        return userService.getVo(id);
    }
}

User模块测试类:UserTest.java`

public class UserTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 手动实例化Controller
        UserController userController = new UserController();
        // 执行Controller层方法
        UserVo userVo = userController.getVo(1);
        System.out.println(userVo);
    }
}

测试结果

在这里插入图片描述

引入IOC(XML)

代码实现
将依赖交给Spring的beanFactory管理

<bean id="userDao" class="dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
<bean id="userService" class="services.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>
<bean id="userController" class="controller.UserController"/>

User模块测试类:UserTest.java

public class UserTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 读取配置文件刷新Spring容器
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
        // 从Spring容器拿Controller
        UserController userController = (UserController) context.getBean("userController");
        // 执行Controller层方法,因为之后还需要用到context对象,故下传
        UserVo userVo = userController.getVo(1, context);
        System.out.println(userVo);
    }
}

User模块Controller层:UserController.java

package controller;

public class UserController {
    private UserService userService;

    public UserVo getVo(Integer id, ApplicationContext context) {
        // 从Spring容器拿Service
        userService = (UserService) context.getBean("userService");
        // 执行Service层方法,因为之后还需要用到context对象,故下传
        return userService.getVo(id, context);
    }
}

User模块Service层实现类:UserServiceImpl.java

package services.impl;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;

    public UserVo getVo(Integer id, ApplicationContext context) {
        // 从Spring容器拿Dao
        userDao = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
        // 执行Dao层方法
        User user = userDao.getEntity(id);
        // 省略业务逻辑处理。。。
        UserVo userVo = new UserVo(user);
        userVo.setGenderName(userVo.getGender() == 0 ? "female" : "male");
        return userVo;
    }
}

测试结果

在这里插入图片描述

XML改注解(IOC)

核心配置文件修改

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       ">

    <!-- bean definitions here -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="dao"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="services"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="controller"/>

</beans>

常用注解介绍
@Component
@Service
@Controller
@Repository

引入DI

目前都是使用ApplicationContext拿取容器中的对象

代码实现

User模块Controller层:UserController.java

package controller;

@Controller
public class UserController {
    // 改为自动注入
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    public UserVo getVo(Integer id, ApplicationContext context) {
        // 执行Service层方法,因为之后还需要用到context对象,故下传
        return userService.getVo(id, context);
    }
}

User模块Dao层实现类:UserDaoImpl.java

package dao.impl;

// 改为默认bean id“userDaoImpl”
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    public User getEntity(Integer id) {
        // 此处应该从数据库查询值 方便起见直接返回一个固定对象
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setName("Anne");
        user.setGender(0);
        return user;
    }
}

User模块Service层实现类:UserServiceImpl.java

package services.impl;

@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    // 改为自动注入并指定需要注入的实例id
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("userDaoImpl")
    private UserDao userDao;

    public UserVo getVo(Integer id) {
        // 执行Dao层方法
        User user = userDao.getEntity(id);
        // 省略业务逻辑处理。。。
        UserVo userVo = new UserVo(user);
        userVo.setGenderName(userVo.getGender() == 0 ? "female" : "male");
        return userVo;
    }
}

测试结果

在这里插入图片描述

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