C++简单实现Scoket编程

君子以阅川

已于 2022-11-11 09:40:30 修改

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分类专栏： C++ 文章标签： c++ 网络 tcp/ip

于 2022-09-03 10:39:55 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_56104219/article/details/126674266

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只实现了服务器端的服务
和其他语言一样，实现通信需要以下步骤

创建socket套接字
定义服务端地址和端口
服务端绑定地址和端口
服务端进行端口监听
服务端与客户端进行连接
服务端接收客户端发送的信息
服务端返回信息给客户端
关闭套接字

首先要导入socket库

1. 导入winsock.h库函数

#include<winsock.h>

2. 创建套接字

因为我们需要和客户端进行连接，所以既要创建服务端套接字，也要创建接收端套接字

SOCKET s_socket;
SOCkET s_accept;

3. 定义服务端地址和端口

 SOCKADDR_IN server_addr;
 server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //指定地址族为IPV4
 server_addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);// Host to network long  INADDR_ANY对应0.0.0,0
 server_addr.sin_port = htos(5010)// Host to newtwork short 设置端口

4. 绑定端口和地址

if(bind(s_server, (SOCKADDR*)&server_addr, sizeof(SOCKADDR)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
	cout<<"绑定失败"<<endl;
	WSACleanup();
	return;
}
cout<<"绑定成功"<<endl;

5. 开始监听

if(listen(s_server, SOMAXCONN) < 0)
{
	cout<<"开启监听失败"<<endl;
	WSACleanup();
	return;
}
cout<<"开启监听成功"<<endl;

6. 创建接收套接字地址

当客户端与服务端进行连接时，需要创建里一个套接字地址来进行接收

SOCKADDR accept_addr;

7.接收套接字建立连接

int len = sizeof(SOCKADDR)
s_accept = accept(s_server, (SOCKADDR*)&accept_addr, &sizeof(SOCKADDR));
 if(s_accept == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        cout<<"建立连接失败";
        WSACleanup();
        return;
    }
        cout<<"建立连接成功"<<endl<<"准备接受数据";

8.死循环和目标机进行通信

 while(true)
     {
         recv_len = recv(s_accept, recv_buf, 1024, 0);
         if(recv_len < 0)
         {
             cout << "接受失败" <<endl;
             break;
         }
         else{
             cout << "客户信息:" << endl << recv_buf << endl;
         }
        string s= "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\nConnection: keep-alive\nCache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate\nPragma: no-cache\nContent-Length: ";
         String data = "<h1>Hello C++ Socket</h1>";
         s = s + data.length() + "\n\n" + data ;
		strcpy(send_bug, s.c_str());
         memcpy(send_buf, ptr, 1024);
         send_len = send(s_accept, send_buf, 1024, 0);
         if(send_len < 0)
         {
             cout << "发送失败" << endl;
             break;
         }
     }

9.关闭套接字

closesocket(s_server);
closesocket(s_accept);
WSACleanup();
retrun;

10.关于版本

当socket版本不符合时，是不能通信的
这就需要在通信前检测版本是否符合

void checkVision()
{
    WORD w_req = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
    WSADATA wsadata;
    int err;
    err = WSAStartup(w_req, &wsadata);
    if(err!=0)
    {
       cout<<"初始化套接字库失败";
    }
    else
    {
        cout<<"初始化套接字库成功";
    }
    // 检测版本号
    if(LOBYTE(wsadata.wVersion)!= 2|| HIBYTE(wsadata.wHighVersion)!=2 )
    {
        cout<<"套接字库版本号不符合";
         WSACleanup();
    }
    else
    {
        cout<<"套接字库版本正确";
    }
}

整体代码
使用的编译器是QtCraete，就简单使用qDebug来进行打印输出了

#include "selfsocket.h"
SelfSocket::SelfSocket()
{
    WORD w_req = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
    WSADATA wsadata;
    int err;
    err = WSAStartup(w_req, &wsadata);
    if(err!=0)
    {
       qDebug()<<"初始化套接字库失败";
    }
    else
    {
        qDebug()<<"初始化套接字库成功";
    }
    // 检测版本号
    if(LOBYTE(wsadata.wVersion)!= 2|| HIBYTE(wsadata.wHighVersion)!=2 )
    {
        qDebug()<<"套接字库版本号不符合";
         WSACleanup();
    }
    else
    {
        qDebug()<<"套接字库版本正确";
    }
}
void SelfSocket::Init()
{
    //创建套接字
    SOCKET s_server;
    SOCKET s_accept;
    s_server = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);// param： 协议族，协议类型，协议编号
    //创建长度
    int send_len, recv_len, len = 0;
    // 创建接受和发送缓存区
    char send_buf[1024];
    char recv_buf[1024];
    // 填充服务端信息：端口，地址
    SOCKADDR_IN server_addr;
    SOCKADDR_IN accept_addr;
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //指定地址族为IPV4
    server_addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);// Host to network long  INADDR_ANY对应0.0.0,0
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(5010);// Host to network short
    // 套接字绑定
    if(bind(s_server,(SOCKADDR *)&server_addr, sizeof(SOCKADDR)) == SOCKET_ERROR){
        qDebug()<<"套接字绑定失败";
        WSACleanup();
        return;
    }
    qDebug()<<"套接字绑定成功";
    // 开启监听
    if(listen(s_server, SOMAXCONN) < 0)
    {
        qDebug()<<"监听开启失败";
        WSACleanup();
        return;
    }
    qDebug()<<"开启监听"<<endl<<"服务器监听连接中>>:";
    // 接受连接请求
    len = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
    s_accept = accept(s_server,(SOCKADDR*)&accept_addr, &sizeof(SOCKADDR));
    if(s_accept == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        qDebug()<<"建立连接失败";
        WSACleanup();
        return;
    }
        qDebug()<<"建立连接成功"<<endl<<"准备接受数据";
     while(true)
     {
         recv_len = recv(s_accept, recv_buf, 1024, 0);
         if(recv_len < 0)
         {
             qDebug()<<"接受失败"<<endl;
             break;
         }
         else{
             qDebug()<<"客户信息:"<<recv_buf << endl;
         }
         QString s= "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\nConnection: keep-alive\nCache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate\nPragma: no-cache\nContent-Length: %1\n\n";
         QString data = "<h1>Hello C++ Socket</h1>";
         s += data;
         s = s.arg(data.length());
         qDebug()<<s.toLocal8Bit().data()<<endl;

         QByteArray qb = s.toLatin1();
         char *ptr;
         ptr = qb.data();

         memcpy(send_buf, ptr, 1024);
         send_len = send(s_accept, send_buf, 1024, 0);
         if(send_len < 0)
         {
             qDebug()<<"发送失败"<<endl;
             break;
         }
     }
     // 关闭套接字
     closesocket(s_server);
     closesocket(s_accept);
     WSACleanup();
     return;
}

运行后在浏览器输入:localhost:5010就能展示成功
在这里插入图片描述

11. linux下的socket服务器编写

基于socket下的epoll通知机制
底层采用红黑树，并非selest和poll的轮询单链表机制
没有fd表上限
每个fd都会绑定一个回调函数采用通知的方式来触发事件的执行

#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<sys/epoll.h>
#include<sys/fcntl.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<iostream>

#define BUFLEN 128

int main(int argc, char** argv){
    int serverFd, clientFd;
    int len, ret, rlen;
    char buf[BUFLEN];
    sockaddr_in serverAddr, clinetAddr;
    if(argc!=2){
        std::cout<<"Usage: " << argv[0] << "port" << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }
    short port;
    port = std::atoi(argv[1]);
    len  = sizeof(serverAddr);
    serverFd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    serverAddr.sin_port = htons(port);
    int reuse = 1;
    setsockopt(serverFd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuse, sizeof(int));

    ret = bind(serverFd, (sockaddr*) &serverAddr, len);
    if(ret<0){
        std::cout<<"Failed to bind"<<std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    ret = listen(serverFd, 10);
    if(ret<0){
        std::cout<<"Failed to bind"<< std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    int epfd,epct, i;
    epoll_event event;
    epoll_event events[20];
    memset(events, 0, 20*sizeof(epoll_event));
    epfd = epoll_create(1);

    event.data.fd = serverFd;
    event.events = EPOLLIN;
    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, serverFd, &event);
    while (true)
    {
        epct = epoll_wait(epfd, events, 20 , -1);
        for(int i = 0; i<epct; ++i){
            if(events[i].data.fd == serverFd){
                clientFd = accept(events[i].data.fd, (sockaddr*)&clinetAddr,(socklen_t *)&len);
                std::cout<<"new fd = "<<clientFd <<" ip = " << inet_ntoa(clinetAddr.sin_addr);
                event.data.fd = clientFd;
                event.events = EPOLLET | EPOLLIN;
                epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, clientFd, &event);

            }else{
                memset(buf, 0, BUFLEN);
                rlen = read(events[i].data.fd, buf, BUFLEN);
                if(rlen < 0){
                    std::cout<<"fd "<< clientFd << "disconnected"<< std::endl;
                    close(events[i].data.fd);
                    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, events[i].data.fd, &event);
                    continue;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

}