Java---GUI编程详解

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已于 2022-12-15 21:23:50 修改

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分类专栏： javase 文章标签： java 开发语言

于 2022-03-16 15:41:00 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_56116754/article/details/123528081

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GUI编程

组件：

窗口
弹窗
面板
文本框
列表框
按钮
图片
监听事件
鼠标
键盘事件
破解工具

1、简介

1.1.gui的核心技术：Swing AWT

1.2.不流行：

界面不美观
需要jre环境

2、AWT

2.1、Awt介绍

1.包含了很多类和接口。GUI：图形用户界面编程

2.元素：窗口，按钮，文本框

2.2、组件和容器

1.Frame

/关于Frame的一些方法

package gui_study;

import java.awt.*;

//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //frame
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");
        //需要设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);
        //设置背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(85,150,68));
        //设置弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);
        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);


    }

}

问题：弹窗关闭不了，只能结束程序

/打开多个窗口

package gui_study;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口 new
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.blue);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.red);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.green);





    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id = 0; // 可能存在多个窗口，我们需要一个计数器
    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("Myframe+"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setVisible(true);

    }

}

2、面板Panel

解决了主动关闭问题

package gui_study;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;

//可以看成是一个空间
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //布局
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        Panel panel1 = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));
        //panel设置坐标，相对于Frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,100,100);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));
        panel1.setBounds(200,50,100,100);
        panel1.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));
        //frame.add(panel)
        frame.add(panel);
        frame.add(panel1);
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit()
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });


    }
}

3、布局管理器

流式布局

package gui_study;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //组件-按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        //设置为流式布局
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

东西南北中

package gui_study;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");

        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("west");
        Button south = new Button("south");
        Button north = new Button("north");
        Button center = new Button("center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);


    }
}

表格布局

package gui_study;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn1");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);

        frame.pack();//Java函数，自动填充
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }

}

4、事件监听

事件监听：当某个事情发生的时候，干什么？

package gui_study;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    //按下按钮，触发一些事件
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        //因为addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener，所以我们构造了一个ActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");

    }
}

多个按钮可以共享监听

5、输入框TextFile

package gui_study;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new MyFrame();
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        //按下enter，就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');//在显示端用*代替


        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }


}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
       TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框的文本
        field.setText("");//null
    }

}

6、简易计算器，组合+内部类

package gui_study;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();

    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator(){
        //3个文本框
        TextField field1 = new TextField(10);
        TextField field2 = new TextField(20);
        TextField field3 = new TextField(30);

        //一个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(field1,field2,field3));
        //一个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(field1);
        add(label);
        add(field2);
        add(button);
        add(field3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);




    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取三个变量
    private TextField field1,field2,field3;
    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField field1,TextField field2,TextField field3){
        this.field1=field1;
        this.field2=field2;
        this.field3=field3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1、获得加数和被加数
       int n1 =  Integer.parseInt(  field1.getText());
       int n2 =  Integer.parseInt(  field2.getText());


        //2、将这个值+运算后，放到第三个框
        field3.setText(""+(n1+n2));


        //3、清除前两个框
        field1.setText("");
        field2.setText("");



    }
}

7、画笔

package gui_study;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();

    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
    public  void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画笔，需要有颜色，可以画画
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        g.setColor(Color.green);
        //画笔用完，将它还原到最初的颜色
        

    }
}

8、鼠标监听、

目标：想要实现鼠标画画

package gui_study;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       new MyFrame("画图");

    }
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame {
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前位置，需要集合来存储这个点
    ArrayList points;
    public MyFrame(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        //存鼠标的点
       points= new ArrayList<>();

        setVisible(true);
        //鼠标监听器，正对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());


    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画，监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
           Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
           g.setColor(Color.blue);
           g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }


    }
    //添加一个点到界面上
   public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
   }

    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        //鼠标 按下，弹起，按住不放

        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame myFrame =(MyFrame) e.getSource();
            //点击的时候，在界面产生一个点
            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            myFrame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
            //每次点击鼠标都要重新画一遍
            myFrame.repaint();//刷新


        }
    }
}

9、窗口监听

package gui_study;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());

    }
    class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            setVisible(true);//隐藏窗口
            System.exit(0);//正常退出
        }
    }
}

10、键盘监听

package gui_study;

import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
//键
public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();

    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame {
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);
        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘下的键是哪一个，当前的码
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//不需要记录这个数值，直接使用静态属性，
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }

            }
        });

    }

}

3、Swing

1、窗口、面板

- //init():初始化
- swing是顶级窗口，需要容器实例化

package gui_study.Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo {
    //init():初始化
    public void init(){
        //顶级窗口
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        frame.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        //设置文字 JLabel
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎学习java");
        frame.add(jLabel);
        //让文本居中
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.CENTER);
        //需要容器实例化
        Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.BLUE);


        //关闭事件
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

     public static void main(String[] args) {
        //建立一个窗口
         new JFrameDemo().init();

    }
}

2、JDialog弹窗

JDialog，用来被弹出，默认就有关闭事件！

package gui_study.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //JFrame 放东西，容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);
        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");//创建
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
        //点击按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new AbstractAction() {//监听器
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();

    }

}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        container.add(new Label("欢迎学习java"));


    }


}

3、标签

label

new JLabel("xxx")

图标Icon

package gui_study.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

//图标，需要实现类，Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;
    public IconDemo(){
        //无参构造

    }
    public IconDemo(int width,int height){
        this.width=width;
        this.height=height;
    }
    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15);
        //图标放在标签，也可以放在按钮上
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container container =getContentPane();
        container.add(jLabel);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);


    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();

    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

4、面板

JPanel

package gui_study.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public JPanelDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));
        JPanel jPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
        container.add(jPanel);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);



    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();

    }
}

JScrollPanel滚动面板

package gui_study.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎学习Java");
        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(jScrollPane);



        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);


    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }

}

5、按钮

普通按钮

package gui_study.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setToolTipText("图片变成按钮");
        container.add(button);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(300,300,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();

    }
}

单选按钮

package gui_study.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo02(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
       //单选框(只能选一个)
        JRadioButton jRadioButton01 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton02 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton03 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03");
        //由于单选框只能选择一个，用分组，因为一个组中只能选一个
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton01);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton02);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton03);
        container.add(jRadioButton01,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(jRadioButton02,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(jRadioButton03,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(300,300,200,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();

    }
}

复选按钮

 //多选框
        JCheckBox box01 = new JCheckBox("box01");
        JCheckBox box02 = new JCheckBox("box02");
        JCheckBox box03 = new JCheckBox("box03");





        container.add(box01,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(box02,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(box03,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

6、列表

下拉框

package gui_study.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();


        JComboBox box = new JComboBox();
        box.addItem(null);
        box.addItem("正在上映");
        box.addItem("已下架");
        box.addItem("即将上映");
        container.add(box);




        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo01();
    }
}

列表框

String contents ={"1","2","3"};
JList jlist = new JList(contents);
container.add(jlist)

应用场景
- 选择地区，或者一些单个选项
- 列表，展示信息，一般是动态扩容

7、文本框

文本框

package gui_study.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        JTextField textField = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world",20);
        container.add(textField,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.NORTH);



        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo01();
    }
}

密码框

new JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();

passwordField.setEchoChar('*');

container.add(passwordField);

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Java---GUI编程详解

GUI编程组件：窗口弹窗面板文本框列表框按钮图片监听事件鼠标键盘事件破解工具1、简介1.1.gui的核心技术：Swing AWT1.2.不流行：界面不美观需要jre环境2、AWT2.1、Awt介绍1.包含了很多类和接口。GUI：图形用户界面编程2.元素：窗口，按钮，文本框2.2、组件和容器1.Frame/关于Frame的一些方法package gui_study;import java.awt.*;//GUI的第一个界面public cl
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