静态路由实验

1.规划IP：
AR1—AR4每个路由器都有2个环回，共有6条骨干链路 -------14个子网
把AR1—AR4看成每个身上有1个环回，共4个环回。每个分一个网段，再把一个网段再分成2个，配到两个环回上。另外，设备之间的骨干链路看成一个，所以只需要5个子网。

划分:192.168.1.0/24 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

192.168.1.0/27
192.168.1. 000 00000 192.168.1.0/27 骨干192.168.1. 001 00000 192.168.1.32/27 R1 192.168.1. 010 00000 192.168.1.64/27 R2
192.168.1. 011 00000 192.168.1.96/27 R3
192.168.1. 100 00000 192.168.1.128/27 R4
只要5个子网
192.168.1. 101 00000/27 192.168.1.160/27
192.168.1. 110 00000/27 192.168.1.192/27
192.168.1. 111 00000/27 192.168.1.224/27
R1—R4:由于有两个环回，所以继续进行划分 192.168.1.001 0 0000 192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.001 1 0000 192.168.1.48/28 192.168.1.010 0 0000 192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.010 1 0000 192.168.1.80/28
192.168.1.011 0 0000 192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.011 1 0000 192.168.1.112/28
192.168.1.100 0 0000 192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.100 1 0000 192.168.1.144/28

则:
R1—192.168.1.32/27 192.168.1.32/28 192.168.1.48/28
R2—192.168.1.64/27 192.168.1.64/28 192.168.1.80/28
R3—192.168.1.96/27 192.168.1.96/28 192.168.1.112/28
R4—192.168.1.128/27 192.168.1.128/28 192.168.1.144/28

骨干：
192.168.1.0/27 192.168.1.0/30
192.168.1. 000 000 00 192.168.1.0/30
192.168.1. 000 001 00 192.168.1.4/30
192.168.1. 000 010 00 192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1. 000 011 00 192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1. 000 100 00 192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1. 000 101 00 192.168.1.20/30 取6个子网
192.168.1. 000 110 00 192.168.1.24/30
192.168.1. 000 111 00 192.168.1.28/30

2.给每台设备配IP
R1环回:
system-view
[Huawei]sysname r1
[r1]interface LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[r1-LoopBack0]q
[r1]interface LoopBack 1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
[r1-LoopBack1]

R2环回：
system-view
[Huawei]sysname r2
[r2]interface LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[r2-LoopBack0]q
[r2]interface LoopBack 1
[r2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[r2-LoopBack1]

R3环回：
system-view
[Huawei]sysname r3
[r3]interface LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28
[r3-LoopBack0]q
[r3]interface LoopBack 1
[r3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28
[r3-LoopBack1]

R4环回：
system-view
[Huawei]sysname r4
[r4]interface LoopBack 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[r4-LoopBack0]q
[r4]interface LoopBack 1
[r4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
[r4-LoopBack1]

R5环回：
system-view
[Huawei]sysname r5
[r5]interface LoopBack 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 5.5.5.5 24
[r5-LoopBack0]

配骨干：
R1：
system-view
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

R2：system-view
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

R3：
system-view
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

R4：
system-view
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30[
r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 4/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]

R5：
system-view
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

３．全网可达

R1：
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

R2：
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

R3：
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1. 14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

R4：
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

R5：
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1７[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

４．缺省 --R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问

[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

5．避免环路出现
在R1上做一条空接口路由，以防断开，避免环路

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

6.R4与R5之间正常1000M，故障100M
将192.168.1.22优先级设置为61，则当192.168.1.18断开之后，使用192.168.1.22[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61同理：
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 p 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 p 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 p 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 p 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 p 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 p 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 p 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 p 61

则会出现:
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.17
如果两条路都通，则会走上192.168.1.17如果关闭R5的0/0/0接口，则会切换到192.168.1.21

验证: