DAO模式

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-23 13:01:43 发布

子夜夏歌

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-23 13:01:43 发布

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分类专栏：数据库技术文章标签： java-ee java 开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_56161893/article/details/125115528

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DAO数据访问对象data access object的缩写，用于进行数据操作的封装，在Java程序开发中属于标准开发架构中的持久层的设计模式。DAO模式是标准JavaEE设计模式之一，用途在于将底层的数据访问操作和高层的业务逻辑分离开。典型的DAO模式的组成一个DAO工厂类，一个DAO接口实现了DAO接口的多种实现类数据传输对象DTO，有时简称为VO。

运用JAVA反射机制，获取实体类定义的字段和方法实现一个万能的DAO模式，IBaseDao接口和BaseDaoImpl类定义类通用的增删改查方法，只需用具体的实现类去继承通用方法，泛型传入具体的类型即可。

结构：

dao类：

IBaseDao：一个接口（定义通用的增删改查方法），通过接口暴漏当前层中允许调用的方法

public interface IBaseDao<T extends Serializable> {

    public int save(T t);//增

    public int delete(T t);//删

    public int update(T t);//改

    public List<T> query(T t);//按id查询

    public List<T> findByExample(T t);//整表查询

}

BaseDaoImpl：实现IBaseDao接口定义的方法：

public abstract class BaseDaoImpl<T extends Serializable> implements IBaseDao<T> {
      
	private Class<T> clazz;
	
	@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
	public BaseDaoImpl() {
		Class<? extends IBaseDao> clz=this.getClass();
		ParameterizedType pt =(ParameterizedType)clz.getGenericSuperclass();
	    clazz = (Class) pt.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
	}

	@Override
	//insert into tb_user() values();
	public int save(T obj) {
		StringBuilder sb1 = new StringBuilder("insert into tb_");
		sb1.append(clazz.getSimpleName().toLowerCase()).append("(");
		StringBuilder sb2=new StringBuilder(") values (");
		Field[] fs = clazz.getDeclaredFields();//获取当前类的所有字段
		List<Object> params = new ArrayList<>();
		try {
			for (int i = 0; i < fs.length; i++) {
				Field f = fs[i];
				f.setAccessible(true);
				Object val = f.get(obj);
				if (val!=null) {
					sb1.append(f.getName()).append(",");
					sb2.append("?,");
					params.add(val);
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
		if (sb1.toString().endsWith(",")) {
			sb1.deleteCharAt(sb1.length()-1);
		}
		if (sb2.toString().endsWith(",")) {
			sb2.deleteCharAt(sb2.length()-1);
		}
		String sql = sb1.toString()+sb2.toString()+")";
		return update(sql, params.toArray());
	}
	
	public int update(String sql,Object...params) {
		int res=0;
		try {
			res = JdbcUtils.executeUpdate(sql, params);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			JdbcUtils.releaseConnention();
		}
		return res;
	}

	@Override
	//delete from tb_user where id=?
	public int delete(T obj) {
		StringBuilder sb1 = new StringBuilder("delete from tb_");
		sb1.append(clazz.getSimpleName().toLowerCase()).append(" where 1=1 ");
		Field [] fs = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
		List<Object> params = new ArrayList<>();
		try {
			for (int i = 0; i < fs.length; i++) {
				Field f = fs[i];
				f.setAccessible(true);
				Object val = f.get(obj);
				if (f!=null && val!=null) {
					sb1.append(" and ").append(f.getName()).append(" =? ");
					params.add(val);
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
		
		String sql = sb1.toString();
		return update(sql, params.toArray());
	}

	@Override
	//update tb_user set name=?,password=?  where id=?;
	public int update(T obj) {
		StringBuilder sb1 = new StringBuilder("update tb_");
		sb1.append(clazz.getSimpleName().toLowerCase()).append(" set ");
		StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder(" where ");
		Field [] fs = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
		List<Object> params = new ArrayList<>();
		try {
			for (int i = 1; i < fs.length; i++) {
				Field f = fs[i];
				f.setAccessible(true);
				Object val = f.get(obj);
				if (f!=null && val!=null) {
					sb1.append(f.getName()).append(" =?,");
					params.add(val);
				}
			}
			Field f = fs[0];
			f.setAccessible(true);
			sb2.append(f.getName()).append(" =? ");
			Object val = f.get(obj);
			params.add(val);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
		if (sb1.toString().endsWith(",")) {
			sb1.deleteCharAt(sb1.length()-1);
		}
		String sql = sb1.toString()+sb2.toString();
		return update(sql, params.toArray());
	}

	@Override
	public List<T> query(T obj) {
		List<T> res = new ArrayList<>();
		try {
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("select * from tb_");
			sb.append(clazz.getSimpleName().toLowerCase()).append(" where 1=1 ");
			Field[] fs = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
			List<Object> params = new ArrayList<>();
			for (int i = 0; i < fs.length; i++) {
				Field f = fs[i];
				f.setAccessible(true);
				Object val = f.get(obj);
				if (val!=null) {
					sb.append(" and ").append(f.getName()).append(" =? ");
					params.add(val);
				}
			}
			ResultSet rs = JdbcUtils.executeQuery(sb.toString(),params.toArray());
			while (rs.next()) {
				ResultSetMetaData rsemd = rs.getMetaData();
				T t = clazz.newInstance();
				for (int i = 1; i <=rsemd.getColumnCount(); i++) {
					String fieldName = rsemd.getColumnLabel(i);
					Field f = clazz.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
					f.setAccessible(true);
					f.set(t, rs.getObject(i));
				}
				res.add(t);
			}
			rs.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			JdbcUtils.releaseConnention();
		}
		return res;
	}

	@Override
	public List<T> findByExample(T obj){
		List<T> res = new ArrayList<>();
		List<Object> params = new ArrayList<>();
		StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder("select * from tb_user;");
		try{
			ResultSet rs = JdbcUtils.executeQuery(sql.toString(),params.toArray());
			while (rs.next()) {
				ResultSetMetaData rsemd = rs.getMetaData();
				T t = clazz.newInstance();
				for (int i = 1; i <=rsemd.getColumnCount(); i++) {
					String fieldName = rsemd.getColumnLabel(i);
					Field f = clazz.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
					f.setAccessible(true);
					f.set(t, rs.getObject(i));
				}
				res.add(t);
			}
			rs.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			JdbcUtils.releaseConnention();
		}
		return res;
	}
}

IUserDao和UserDaoImpl：

public interface IUserDao extends IBaseDao<User> {
   //如果需要增加方法，可以在这里声明

}

public class UserDaoImpl extends BaseDaoImpl<User> implements IUserDao {
如果有特殊方法，则在这里实现，实际上通用的增删改查方法已经从BaseDao中继承

}

实体类entity：

user：根据对应的表结构定义实体类类名称和表名称对应，属性名称和字段名称对应类中的属性不要使用简单类型，判断的需要 setObject

public class User implements Serializable {
    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public User() {

    }

    public User(Integer id, String username, String password) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

工厂类Factory：

Factory：

public class User implements Serializable {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public User() {

    }

    public User(Long id, String username, String password) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

工具类Util类：

public class JdbcUtils {
    private JdbcUtils() {

    }

    private static DataSource ds;
    private static final ThreadLocal<Connection> ts = new ThreadLocal<>();
    static {
        try {
            InputStream is = JdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("src/jdbc.properties");
            Properties ps = new Properties();
            ps.load(is);
            ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(ps);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //获取链接
    public static Connection getConnection() {
        Connection res = ts.get();
        if (res == null) {
            try {
                res = ds.getConnection();
                ts.set(res);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    //释放连接
    public static void releaseConnention() {
        Connection conn = ts.get();
        if (conn != null) {
            try {
                conn.close();
                ts.remove();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }
    //执行增删改的方法
    public static int executeUpdate(String sql, Object... params) {
        try {
            System.out.println(sql);
            return createPreparedStatement(sql, params).executeUpdate();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
        }
    }
    //执行查询的方法
    public static ResultSet executeQuery(String sql, Object... params) {
        try {
            return createPreparedStatement(sql, params).executeQuery();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
        }
    }
    //为sql语句赋值，并返回PreparedStatement对象
    public static PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(String sql, Object... params) {
        try {
            Connection conn = getConnection();
            PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            if (params != null && params.length > 0)
                for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++)
                    ps.setObject(i + 1, params[i]);
            System.out.println(ps);
            return ps;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

测试方法：

具体的数据表tb_user


mysql> desc tb_user;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| username | varchar(32) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| password | varchar(32) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from tb_user;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
|  1 | 张三     | ZS123456 |
|  2 | 李四     | LS123456 |
|  3 | 王五     | WW123456 |
+----+----------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1.测试增加数据的方法：save（T obj）

IUserDao dao =DaoFactory.getUserDao();
        User user1=new User(4L,"赵六","ZL123456");
        int num=dao.save(user1);
        if (num >0) {
            System.out.println("插入成功！");
        }else {
            System.out.println("插入失败！");
        }

mysql> select * from tb_user;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
|  1 | 张三     | ZS123456 |
|  2 | 李四     | LS123456 |
|  3 | 王五     | WW123456 |
|  4 | 赵六     | ZL123456 |
+----+----------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.测试删除方法delet（T obj）

IUserDao dao =DaoFactory.getUserDao();
        User user1=new User();
        user1.setId(4L);
        int num=dao.delete(user1);
        if (num >0) {
            System.out.println("删除成功！");
        }else {
            System.out.println("删除失败！");
        }

mysql> select * from tb_user;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
|  1 | 张三     | ZS123456 |
|  2 | 李四     | LS123456 |
|  3 | 王五     | WW123456 |
+----+----------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.测试修改方法delet（T obj）

IUserDao dao =DaoFactory.getUserDao();
        User user1=new User();
        user1.setId(1L);
        user1.setUsername("张小三");
        int num=dao.update(user1);
        if (num >0) {
            System.out.println("修改成功！");
        }else {
            System.out.println("修改失败！");
        }

mysql> select * from tb_user;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
|  1 | 张小三   | ZS123456 |
|  2 | 李四     | LS123456 |
|  3 | 王五     | WW123456 |
+----+----------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.测试查询方法：

1.测试整表查询

mysql> select * from tb_user;
+----+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+----+----------+----------+
|  1 | 张小三   | ZS123456 |
|  2 | 李四     | LS123456 |
|  3 | 王五     | WW123456 |
+----+----------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.测试按id查询：

 IUserDao dao =DaoFactory.getUserDao();
        User user1=new User();
        user1.setId(1);
        List<User> list = dao.query(user1);
        for (User temp:list) {
            System.out.println(temp);
        }

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DAO模式

DAO数据访问对象data access object的缩写，用于进行数据操作的封装，在Java程序开发中属于标准开发架构中的持久层的设计模式。DAO模式是标准JavaEE设计模式之一，用途在于将底层的数据访问操作和高层的业务逻辑分离开。典型的DAO模式的组成一个DAO工厂类，一个DAO接口实现了DAO接口的多种实现类数据传输对象DTO，有时简称为VO。运用JAVA反射机制，获取实体类定义的字段和方法实现一个万能的DAO模式，IBaseDao接口和BaseDaoImpl类定义类通用的增删改查方法，
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