SaltStack之配置管理

SaltStack之配置管理

1. YAML语言

YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。

它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。

YAML语言的格式如下：

house:
  family:
    name: Doe
    parents:
      - John
      - Jane
    children:
      - Paul
      - Mark
      - Simone
  address:
    number: 34
    street: Main Street
    city: Nowheretown
    zipcode: 12345

YAML的基本规则：

• 使用缩进来表示层级关系，每层2个空格，禁止使用TAB键
• 当冒号不是处于最后时，冒号后面必须有一个空格
• 用 - 表示列表，- 的后面必须有一个空格
• 用 # 表示注释

YAML配置文件要放到SaltStack让我们放的位置，可以在SaltStack的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots即可看到。

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
...此处省略N行
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  test:
    - /srv/salt/test
  dev:
    - /srv/salt/dev
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod
    
    
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/
/srv/
└── salt
    ├── base
    ├── dev
    ├── prod
    └── test

5 directories, 0 files
[root@master ~]# 

2. 用SaltStack配置一个apache实例

2.1 在Master上部署sls配置文件并执行

[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# ls
[root@master base]# mkdir -p web/apache
[root@master base]# tree web/
web/
└── apache

1 directory, 0 files
[root@master base]# cd web/apache/
[root@master base]# vim web/apache/install.sls
[root@master apache]# vim install.sls
apache-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: httpd

apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True

// YAML 配置文件中顶格写的被称作ID，必须全局唯一，不能重复
// SaltStack 读 YAML 配置文件时是从上往下读，所以要把先执行的写在前面
[root@master ~]# salt '192.168.200.144' state.sls web.apache.install 
192.168.200.144:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
     Started: 15:18:12.005700
    Duration: 16707.641 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              apr:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.3-12.el8
                 old:
              apr-util:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-bdb:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-openssl:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              centos-logos-httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      85.8-1.el8
                  old:
              httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
                  old:
              httpd-filesystem:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
                  old:
              httpd-tools:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
                  old:
              mailcap:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.1.48-3.el8
                  old:
              mod_http2:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab
                  old:
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
     Started: 15:18:28.725433
    Duration: 423.308 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              httpd:
                  True

Summary for 192.168.200.144
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:  17.131 s
[root@master ~]# 

由以上内容可知apache确实已部署成功。

执行状态文件的技巧：

• 先用test.ping测试需要执行状态文件的主机是否能正常通信，然后再执行状态文件

3. top file

3.1 top file介绍

直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗？答案是否定的，因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务，自动化应该是我们让它干活时，它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活，但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的，为了解决这个问题，top file 应运而生。

top file就是一个入口，top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出，且此文件必须在 base 环境中，默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。

top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活，比如让web服务器启动web服务，让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。

top file 实例：

[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# ls
web

[root@master base]# mkdir web/nginx
[root@master base]# vim web/nginx/install.sh
nginx-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: nginx

nginx-service:
  service.running:
    - name: nginx
    - enable: true


[root@master base]# tree
.
├── top.sls
└── web
    ├── apache
    │   └── install.sls
    └── nginx
        └── install.sls

3 directories, 3 files


[root@master base]# vim top.sls
[root@master base]# cat top.sls 
base:                       //要执行状态文件的环境
  '192.168.200.144':        //要执行状态文件的目标
    - web.nginx.install     //要执行的状态文件
  node2:
    - web.apache.install
    
[root@master base]# 
[root@master base]# salt '*' state.highstate   //使用高级状态来执行
master:
----------
          ID: states
    Function: no.None
      Result: False
     Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.    //在top file里没有需要他做的任务
     Changes:   

Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed:    1
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:   0.000 ms
node2:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 04:07:37.106118
    Duration: 719.716 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: The service httpd is already running
     Started: 04:07:37.828112
    Duration: 56.79 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for node2
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 776.506 ms
192.168.200.144:
----------
          ID: nginx-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 16:07:37.069901
    Duration: 756.904 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: nginx-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: The service nginx is already running
     Started: 16:07:37.829377
    Duration: 53.091 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for 192.168.200.144
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 809.995 ms


//到被控主机查看httpd状态
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status ngixn
Unit ngixn.service could not be found.
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; >
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 16:04:36 CST; 11mi>
 Main PID: 182890 (nginx)
    Tasks: 5 (limit: 49290)
   Memory: 12.7M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─182890 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
           ├─182891 nginx: worker process
           ├─182892 nginx: worker process
           ├─182893 nginx: worker process
           └─182894 nginx: worker process



[root@node2 ~]# 
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; >
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 04:04:34 EDT; 12mi>
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
 Main PID: 63361 (httpd)
   Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
    Tasks: 213 (limit: 36682)
   Memory: 40.7M
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─63361 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─64170 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─64171 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─64172 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─64173 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

注意：

若top file里面的目标是用 * 表示的，要注意的是，top file里面的 * 表示的是所有要执行状态的目标，而 salt '*' state.highstate 里面的 * 表示通知所有机器干活，而是否要干活则是由top file来指定的

3.2 高级状态highstate的使用

管理SaltStack时一般最常用的管理操作就是执行高级状态

[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate   //生产环境禁止这样使用salt命令

注意：
上面让所有人执行高级状态，但实际工作当中，一般不会这么用，工作当中一般都是通知某台或某些台目标主机来执行高级状态，具体是否执行则是由top file来决定的。

若在执行高级状态时加上参数test=True，则它会告诉我们它将会做什么，但是它不会真的去执行这个操作。

[root@master base]# salt 'node2' state.highstate test=True
node2:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 04:34:19.322936
    Duration: 604.042 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: The service httpd is already running
     Started: 04:34:19.928711
    Duration: 40.101 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for node2
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 644.143 ms
[root@master base]# 

---

      ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
    Name: httpd
  Result: True
 Comment: The service httpd is already running
 Started: 04:34:19.928711
Duration: 40.101 ms
 Changes:   

Summary for node2

Succeeded: 2
Failed: 0

Total states run: 2
Total run time: 644.143 ms
[root@master base]#