多态案例一：计算器类

🎐案例描述

分别利用普通写法和多态技术，设计实现两个操作数进行运算的计算器类

🎏多态的优点

• 代码组织结构清晰

• 可读性强

• 利于前期和后期的扩展以及维护

示例 

普通写法了😔

# include <iostream> 
# include <string>
using namespace std;

//普通写法
class Calculator
{
public:
	int getResult(string oper)
	{
		if ( oper == "+" )
			return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
		else if ( oper == "-" )
			return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
		else if ( oper == "*" )
			return m_Num1 * m_Num2;	
	} 
	//如果想拓展新的功能 需要修改源码
	//在真实的开发中 提倡 开闭原则
	//开闭原则：对扩展进行开发 对修改进行关闭  
	
	int m_Num1;//操作数1 
	int m_Num2;//操作数2 
}; 

void test01()
{
	//创建计算器对象 
	Calculator c;
	c.m_Num1 = 10;
	c.m_Num2 = 10;
	
	cout << c.m_Num1 << " + " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("+") << endl;  
	cout << c.m_Num1 << " - " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("-") << endl;
	cout << c.m_Num1 << " * " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("*") << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	
	return 0;
}

利用多态🤨

# include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//实现计算器抽象类 
class AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	virtual int getResult()
	{
		return 0;	
	}
	
	int m_Num1;
	int m_Num2; 
};

//加法计算器类
class AddCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 + m_Num2;	
	}
};

//减法计算器
class SubCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 - m_Num2;	
	}
};

//乘法计算器
class MulCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 * m_Num2;	
	}
};

void test01()
{
	//多态使用条件
	//父类指针或者引用指向子类对象
	
	//创建加法计算器
	AbstractCalculator *abc = new AddCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc->m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << " + " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;  //用完了记得销毁

	//创建减法计算器
	abc = new SubCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc->m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << " - " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;  

	//创建乘法计算器
	abc = new MulCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc->m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << " * " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc; 
}

int main()
{
	test01(); 
	
	return 0;
}

🍔总结

C++开发提倡利用多态设计程序架构，因为多态优点很多