spring基础之注解

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已于 2023-04-10 22:34:13 修改

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文章标签： spring java mybatis

于 2023-04-05 21:22:53 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_56420338/article/details/129977254

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基于注解方式操作Bean组件管理

1.什么是注解

（1）.注解是代码特殊标记，格式：@注解名（属性名=属性值，属性名=属性值）

（2.）使用注解，注解可以作用在类上，方法上，属性上

（3.）使用注解的目的：简化xml配置

2.Spring针对Bean管理中创建对象提供注解

（1）Component通用组件

（2）Service业务组件

（3）Controller控制器组件

（4）Repository持久层

*上述四个注解功能是一样的，都可以用来创建bean实例

3.基于注解方式实现对象创建步骤

1.引入依赖 spring-aop

2.开启组件扫描

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
>
  <context:component-scan base-package="com.dltt.*"/>
</beans>

4.在类中添加组件注解

1.在注解里面value属性设置的就是组件的id的值

2.value属性可以省略，默认值（默认组件名）为类名首字母小写

例如Emp》emp

5.基于注解方式实现属性注入

1.@Autowired：根据属性类型进行自动装配

2.@Qualifier：根据属性名称进行注入，若要使用需和@Autowired一起使用

3.@Resource：可以根据类型注入，也可以根据名称注入

4.@Value：注入普通类型属性

package com.dltt.dao;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class UserDao {
    public void addUser(){
        System.out.println("添加了一名用户");

    }
}
package com.dltt.service;

import com.dltt.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Service
public class UserService {
//    @Autowired
//    @Resource//当不设置name属性是，采用的是按类型装配
    @Resource(name = "userDao")//name属性设置注入组件的id
   private UserDao userDao;
    public void add(){
        userDao.addUser();
    }
}

package com.dltt.vo;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class UserService1
{
    public UserService1(){
        System.out.println("通过无参构造实例化");
    }
}

基于aop组件注解

1.pom.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>Spring_05_aop_annotation</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.22.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.22.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.21.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.13.1</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        <version>1.9.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.3</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

2.xml文件配置自动代理模式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.dltt"/>
<!--   spring中使用aspectj包中的@Aspect注解标注当前组件为切面
如果要使用注解必须开启aspectJ的自动代理模式-->
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>

</beans>

3.java实现类实现访问注解

package com.dltt.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Target {
    public void save(String name){
        System.out.println("执行了save方法，保存了："+name);
    }
    public  int add(int a,int b){
        return a+b;
    }
    public int addExp(int a, int b){
        System.out.println(10/0);
        return a+b;
    }
}


package com.dltt.aspeect;

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component("before")
@Aspect//设置为切面
public class TestBfore {
    @Before("execution(void com.dltt.service.Target.save(String))")//前置访问
    public void  doBefore(JoinPoint jp){
        System.out.println("接收参数"+jp.getArgs()[0]);
        System.out.println("前置通知");
    }
}

package com.dltt.aspeect;

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@Aspect
public class TextAfterReturning {
    @AfterReturning(pointcut = "execution(int com.dltt.service.Target.add(int,int))",returning = "obj")    //环绕访问
    public void doAfterReturning(JoinPoint jp,Object obj){
        System.out.println("返回值为"+obj);
        System.out.println("后置通知");
    }
}

事务注解：

@Transactional

1.可以在类上添加，这个类里面的所有方法都将被添加事务管理

2.也可以在方法上添加，只为这个方法添加事务管理

3.可以设置属性：1.propagation：事务的传播策略

2.isolation：隔离级别

3.timeout：超时时间

1.事务需要在规定时间内进行提交，如果不提交则回滚，默认值为-1，单位为秒

4.readOnly：是否只读

5.rollbackFor：

设置出现哪些异常时进行事务回滚

6.noRollbackFor

设置出现哪些异常不进行事务回滚

pom.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_09_tx_annotaion</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.22.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.21.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.22.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.22.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.22.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.22.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.16</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.geronimo.bundles</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.8_2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</pro

app.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!--   组件自动扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.dltt"/>
<!-- 数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql2209?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf-8"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>
<!-- jdbcTomplate组件注入-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
<!--创建事务控制管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
<!--    开启事务注解-->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<!--  开启aop动态代理-->
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
</beans>