例题：随机密码生成、生日悖论分析、《三国演义》中人物出场频度、字符串中的join()方法

 字符串中的join()方法

t = ",".join(['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc'])
# join()将列表中的元素用指定的分隔符连接起来，连接成一个字符串
print(t)

        将《三国演义》中出场频度高的人物名字，通过图片的形式做成词云（名字越大，人物出场频度越高）

import jieba
import wordcloud  # 词云库
import imageio.v2 as imageio  # 涉及到图片处理的库
import os  # 往文件夹输出库

# 图片中字号越大的人物出场频度越大
# 读取txt文件，获取需要统计词汇的文本
with open("三国演义.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    t = f.read()
    # 设置图像遮罩,即背景图片（生成词云的背景图片）
    mask = imageio.imread("guanyu.jpg")
    # 请在下列exludes集合中，自行补充其他需要排除的词汇
    excludes = {"将军", "却说", "二人", "不可", "荆州", "不能", "如此", "商议", "如何", "主公", "军士", "左右", "军马",
                "引兵", "次日", "大喜", "天下", "东吴", "于是", "今日", "不敢", "魏兵", "陛下", "一人", "人马", "不知",
                "汉中", "只见", "众将", "蜀兵", "上马", "大叫", "太守", "此人", "夫人", "先主",
                "后人", "背后", "城中", "天子", "一面", "何不", "大军", "忽报", "先生", "百姓", "何故", "然后",
                "先锋", "不如", "赶来", "原来", "令人", "江东", "下马", "喊声", "正是", "徐州", "忽然", "因此",
                "成都", "不见", "未知", "大败", "大事", "之后", "一军", "引军", "起兵", "军中", "接应", "进兵",
                "大惊", "可以", "以为", "大怒", "不得", "心中"
                }

    words = jieba.lcut(t)
    counts = {}
    for word in words:
        # 去除虚词和标点符号
        if len(word) == 1:
            continue
        # 将同一个人的名字统一
        elif word == "玄德" or word == "玄德曰":
            rword = "刘备"
        elif word == "关公" or word == "云长":
            rword = "关羽"
        elif word == "孔明曰" or word == "诸葛亮":
            rword = "孔明"
        elif word == "丞相" or word == "孟德":
            rword = "曹操"
        elif word == "都督" or word == "公瑾":
            rword = "周瑜"
        elif word == "翼德" or word == "三将军":
            rword = "张飞"
        elif word == "刘禅":
            rword = "后主"
        elif word == "奉先":
            rword = "吕布"
        elif word == "仲达":
            rword = "司马懿"
        else:
            rword = word
        counts[rword] = counts.get(rword, 0) + 1

    # 实现删除干扰词汇功能（此处约2行代码）
    for word in excludes:
        del counts[word]

    # 使用列表和lambda功能实现 词汇的排序 （此处约2行代码）
    items = list(counts.items())
    items.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)

    # 将列表中的某一个元素，替代名词转换为正式姓名
    items[items.index(("孔明", 1383))] = ("诸葛亮", 1383)
    items[items.index(("后主", 217))] = ("刘禅", 217)

    # 把列表里面的元素用空格分隔开，并连接成一个大的字符串
    # dict(items).keys()获取字典中的键，不需要值
    # 最后结果中字越大说明词的频度越高
    txt = " ".join(dict(items).keys())

    # font_path是字体库，生成图片的宽度，高度，背景颜色，作为词云背景的图片
    w = wordcloud.WordCloud(font_path="msyh.ttc", width=1000, height=700, background_color="white", mask=mask)
    w.generate(txt)
    # 调用generate生成图片

    # 判断输出文件夹是否存在，如果不存在则创建
    outputFileFolder = "output"  # 创建一个文件夹，将图片放在文件夹里面
    if os.path.exists(outputFileFolder) == False:
        os.mkdir(outputFileFolder)

    # 输出打印生成的图片到指定文件夹
    w.to_file("output\SanGuoWordCloudV1.png")

        随机密码生成。编写程序，在26个字母大小写和9个数字组成的列表中随机生成10个8位密码

import random

s = "qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm0123456789QWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM"
slist = list(s)
mlist = []
for i in range(10):
    mm = ''
    for j in range(8):
        mm += slist[random.randint(0, 61)]
    mlist.append(mm)
print(mlist)

        生日悖论分析。生日悖论指如果一个房间里有23人或以上，那么至少有两个人生日相同的概率大于50%。编写程序，输出在不同随机样本数量下，23个人中至少两个人生日相同的概率。

import random

counts = 0
for i in range(100):
    l = []
    for k in range(23):
        l.append(random.randint(1, 365))
    if len(l)>len(set(l)):
        counts+=1
print(counts/100)