keepalived

" vivian

已于 2022-10-08 17:08:16 修改

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文章标签：网络服务器运维

于 2022-10-08 17:07:44 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_56681539/article/details/127205732

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一、keepalived简介

1、keepalived是什么？

Keepalived 软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的，用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此，Keepalived除了能够管理LVS软件外，还可以作为其他服务（例如：Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等）的高可用解决方案软件。
Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。VRRP是Virtual Router RedundancyProtocol(虚拟路由器冗余协议）的缩写，VRRP出现的目的就是为了解决静态路由单点故障问题的，它能够保证当个别节点宕机时，整个网络可以不间断地运行。
所以，Keepalived 一方面具有配置管理LVS的功能，同时还具有对LVS下面节点进行健康检查的功能，另一方面也可实现系统网络服务的高可用功能。
Keepalived官网：http://www.keepalived.org/

2、Keepalived的重要功能

keepalived 有三个重要的功能，分别是：
（1）管理LVS负载均衡软件
（2）实现LVS集群节点的健康检查
（3）作为系统网络服务的高可用性

3、keepalived高可用故障转移的原理

Keepalived 高可用服务之间的故障切换转移，是通过 VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,虚拟路由器冗余协议）来实现的。
在 Keepalived 服务正常工作时，主 Master 节点会不断地向备节点发送（多播的方式）心跳消息，用以告诉备 Backup 节点自己还活看，当主 Master 节点发生故障时，就无法发送心跳消息，备节点也就因此无法继续检测到来自主 Master 节点的心跳了，于是调用自身的接管程序，接管主 Master 节点的 IP 资源及服务。而当主 Master 节点恢复时，备 Backup 节点又会释放主节点故障时自身接管的IP资源及服务，恢复到原来的备用角色。

二、keepalived原理

在这里插入图片描述

Keepalived高可用对之间是通过VRRP通信的，因此，我们从 VRRP开始了解起：
（1） VRRP,全称 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议，VRRP的出现是为了解决静态路由的单点故障。
（2）VRRP是通过一种竟选协议机制来将路由任务交给某台 VRRP路由器的。
（3）VRRP用 IP多播的方式（默认多播地址（224.0.0.18))实现高可用对之间通信。
（4）工作时主节点发包，备节点接包，当备节点接收不到主节点发的数据包的时候，就启动接管程序接管主节点的资源。备节点可以有多个，通过优先级竞选，但一般 Keepalived系统运维工作中都是一对。
（5）VRRP使用了加密协议加密数据，但Keepalived官方目前还是推荐用明文的方式配置认证类型和密码。

介绍完 VRRP,接下来我再介绍一下 Keepalived服务的工作原理：
Keepalived高可用是通过 VRRP 进行通信的， VRRP是通过竞选机制来确定主备的，主的优先级高于备，因此，工作时主会优先获得所有的资源，备节点处于等待状态，当主挂了的时候，备节点就会接管主节点的资源，然后顶替主节点对外提供服务。
在 Keepalived 服务之间，只有作为主的服务器会一直发送 VRRP 广播包,告诉备它还活着，此时备不会枪占主，当主不可用时，即备监听不到主发送的广播包时，就会启动相关服务接管资源，保证业务的连续性.接管速度最快可以小于1秒。

三、keepalived部署

主机名	IP	系统
rwwmaster.exmaple.com	192.168.253.148	centos8
rwwbackup.exmaple.com	192.168.253.149	centos8
Vip：	192.168.253.150

准备工作

//关闭防火墙和selinux
 systemctl stop firewalld
 systemctl disable firewalld
 vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux 
SELINUX=disabled
//配置yum源--阿里源centos8和epel源
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*

//安装一下常用命令
yum -y install vim wget gcc gcc-c++

//安装keepalived
yum -y install keepalived

在rwwmaster.exmaple.com节点安装nginx：

[root@rwwmaster ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@rwwmaster ~]#  systemctl restart nginx
[root@rwwmaster ~]#  systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@rwwmaster ~]#  ss -antl
State     Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    Process    
LISTEN    0          128                  0.0.0.0:80                0.0.0.0:*                  
LISTEN    0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*                  
LISTEN    0          128                     [::]:80                   [::]:*                  
LISTEN    0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*                  
[root@rwwmaster ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@rwwmaster html]#  echo "master node" > index.html

在这里插入图片描述

在rwwbackup.exmaple.com节点安装nginx：

[root@rwwbackup yum.repos.d]#  yum -y install nginx
[root@rwwbackup yum.repos.d]#  systemctl restart nginx
[root@rwwbackup yum.repos.d]#  systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@rwwbackup yum.repos.d]#  ss -antl
State       Recv-Q      Send-Q           Local Address:Port           Peer Address:Port     Process      
LISTEN      0           128                    0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                     
LISTEN      0           128                    0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                     
LISTEN      0           128                       [::]:80                     [::]:*                     
LISTEN      0           128                       [::]:22                     [::]:*                     
[root@rwwbackup yum.repos.d]#  cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@rwwbackup html]# echo "slave node" > index.html

在这里插入图片描述

配置主keepalived

[root@rwwmaster keepalived]#  cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id rww01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.253.150
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.253.150 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.253.148 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
	        connect_port 80   
            connect_timeout 3  
	        nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3   
        }
    }


    real_server 192.168.253.149 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK { 
	        connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

重启
[root@rwwmaster keepalived]# systemctl restart keepalived.service 
[root@rwwmaster keepalived]#  systemctl enable keepalived.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

backup节点配置备份keepalived

[root@rwwbackup html]#  cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@rwwbackup keepalived]#  cp keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.bak
[root@rwwbackup keepalived]#  vim keepalived.conf
[root@rwwbackup keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id rww02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.253.150
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.253.150 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.253.148 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
	    connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
	    nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }


    real_server 192.168.253.149 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK { 
	    connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@rwwbackup keepalived]# systemctl restart keepalived.service
[root@rwwbackup keepalived]# systemctl enable keepalived.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

在master中配置VIP

[root@rwwmaster network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
IPADDR1=192.168.253.150
PREFIX1=32
[root@rwwmaster network-scripts]# systemctl restart NetworkManager
[root@rwwmaster network-scripts]# nmcli connection up ens33
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2)
[root@rwwmaster network-scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:37:e9:17 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.253.148/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.253.150/32 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::e718:7fbc:4080:d082/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

在master上编写脚本

[root@rwwmaster network-scripts]# mkdir /scripts
[root@rwwmaster network-scripts]# cd /scripts/
[root@rwwmaster scripts]#  vim check.sh
#!/bin/bash
nginx_status=`ps -ef | grep -v "grep" | grep "nginx" | wc -l`
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
        systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@rwwmaster scripts]# chmod +x check.sh
[root@rwwmaster scripts]#  vim notify.sh
[root@rwwmaster scripts]#  cat notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
sendmail () { 
	subject="${VIP}'s server keepalived state is translate"
	content="`date +'%F %T'`: `hostname`'s state change to master"
	echo $content | mail -s "$subject" m13720252783@163.com
}
case "$1" in 
  master)
	nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
	if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
		systemctl start nginx
	fi
	sendmail
   ;;
   backup)								        
	nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
	if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
		systemctl stop nginx
	fi
   ;;
   *) 
	echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
   ;;
esac
[root@rwwmaster scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh

在backup上编写脚本

[root@rwwbackup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@rwwbackup scripts]# scp root@192.168.253.148:/scripts/check.sh .
The authenticity of host '192.168.253.148 (192.168.253.148)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:3+lgXOkhVT/4xjOjYMXRUpbTdx0JOcz5h3MgIFX/EeQ.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes4^H
Please type 'yes', 'no' or the fingerprint: yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.253.148' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.253.148's password: 
check.sh                                                               100%  143   226.7KB/s   00:00    
[root@rwwbackup scripts]# scp root@192.168.253.148:/scripts/notify.sh .
root@192.168.253.148's password: 
notify.sh                                                              100%  593   643.8KB/s   00:00    
[root@rwwbackup scripts]# chmod +x check.sh
[root@rwwbackup scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh

配置master的keepalived

[root@rwwmaster scripts]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id rww01
}

vrrp_script nginx_check { 
    script "/scripts/check.sh"
    interval 10
    weight -20
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.253.150
    }
    track_script { 
	nginx_check
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.253.150"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.253.150"
}

virtual_server 192.168.253.150 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.253.148 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
	    connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
	        nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }


    real_server 192.168.253.149 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK { 
	    connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@rwwmaster scripts]# systemctl restart keepalived.service

配置backup的keepalived

[root@rwwbackup scripts]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id rww02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.253.150
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.253.150"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.253.150"
}

virtual_server 192.168.253.150 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.253.148 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
	    connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
	    nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }


    real_server 192.168.253.149 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK { 
	    connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@rwwbackup scripts]#  systemctl restart keepalived.service

模拟故障

启用keepalived，开启nginx服务

[root@rwwmaster scripts]# systemctl restart keepalived.service 
[root@rwwmaster scripts]# systemctl enable keepalived
[root@rwwmaster scripts]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@rwwmaster scripts]# systemctl enable nginx

[root@rwwbackup scripts]#  ss -anlt
State       Recv-Q      Send-Q           Local Address:Port           Peer Address:Port     Process      
LISTEN      0           128                    0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                     
LISTEN      0           128                       [::]:22                     [::]:*

在这里插入图片描述

关闭master的nginx服务

[root@rwwmaster scripts]#  systemctl stop nginx

//在backup中查看端口80是否开启
[root@rwwbackup scripts]#  ss -anlt
State       Recv-Q      Send-Q           Local Address:Port           Peer Address:Port     Process      
LISTEN      0           128                    0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                     
LISTEN      0           128                    0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                     
LISTEN      0           128                       [::]:80                     [::]:*                     
LISTEN      0           128                       [::]:22                     [::]:*