.NET Core中的Linq语句

为什么要学Linq？

当然为了让数据处理变得更简单，为了更加的人性化。

在了解Linq语句之前，我们通过委托到lambda来推出linq的基本语法

委托->Lambda->Linq

 static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            /*med m = new med(sum);
            int result = m(1, 2);
            Console.WriteLine(result);*/
            Func<int,int,int>  f= sum;//Func带返回值得泛型类型；前两个int是参数的类型，后面一个是方法sum的返回值类型
            Console.WriteLine(f(2, 3));

            Action a = F;//Action不带返回值的泛型类型；
            a();

            //匿名函数
            Func<int, int,int> s = delegate (int i, int n)
            {
                return i + n;
            };
            Console.WriteLine(s(5, 6));
            //lambada表达式  返回值只有一行代码的（可以删掉return和大括号）参数只有一个的时候（可以删掉小括号和参数类型）
            Func<int, int, int> m = (int i, int n) => i * n;
            Console.WriteLine(m(8, 9));

            Func<int, bool> zz = i => i > 0;

            Console.WriteLine(zz(3));
        }

输出结果：

5
wqfhqi
11
72
True

简单的Lambda表达式语句：（打印一个集合中大于10的数）

 static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] num = new int[] {2,5,432,324,435,89 };
            //where方法会遍历集合中的每个元素，对于每个元素都调用
            //a => a>10这个表达式判断一下是否为true
            //如果为true，则把这个放到返回的集合中
            IEnumerable<int> result = num.Where(a => a > 10);
            foreach (int i in result) {
                Console.WriteLine($"{i}");
            }
        }

Lambda常用扩展方法：

先定义一个装载数据的类

 class Employee
    {
        public long Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }//姓名
        public int Age { get; set; }//年龄
        public bool Gender { get; set; }//性别
        public int Salary { get; set; }//工资
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return $"Id={Id},Name={Name},Age={Age},Gender={Gender},Salary={Salary},";
        }
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<Employee> list = new List<Employee>();
            list.Add(new Employee { Id = 1, Name = "jerry", Age = 28, Gender = true, Salary = 5000 });
            list.Add(new Employee { Id = 2, Name = "jim", Age = 33, Gender = true, Salary = 3000 });
            list.Add(new Employee { Id = 3, Name = "lili", Age = 35, Gender = false, Salary = 9000 });
            list.Add(new Employee { Id = 4, Name = "lucy", Age = 16, Gender = false, Salary = 2000 });
            list.Add(new Employee { Id = 5, Name = "kimi", Age = 25, Gender = true, Salary = 1000 });
            list.Add(new Employee { Id = 6, Name = "nancy", Age = 35, Gender = false, Salary = 8000 });
        }
    }

（1）Count方法和Any方法（当你只想看到是否含有数据时，建议使用Any方法）：

 //统计工资大于5000的人数
            Console.WriteLine(list.Count(a => a.Salary >= 5000));
            //统计性别为true且年龄大于25的人数
            Console.WriteLine(list.Count(a=>a.Gender = true && a.Age >25));

            //判断是否至少含有一条数据，返回结果为bool类型
            Console.WriteLine(list.Any(a => a.Salary > 9000));
            Console.WriteLine(list.Any(a => a.Salary < 9000));
返回结果：3
返回结果：4
返回结果：false
返回结果：true

(2)获取一条数据(是否带参数的两种写法)

//Single:有且只有一条满足要求的数据(没有数据或大于一条数据会抛异常)
            Employee e1 = list.Where(a => a.Name == "kimi").Single();
            Console.WriteLine(e1);

            //SingleOrDefault:最多只有一条满足要求的数据

            //First:至少有一条，返回第一条
            Employee e2 = list.First(a => a.Age > 30);
            Console.WriteLine(e2);

            //FirstOrDefault:返回第一条或者默认值
            Employee e3 = list.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Age > 40);
            Console.WriteLine(e3==null);

返回结果：
Id=5,Name=kimi,Age=25,Gender=True,Salary=1000,
Id=2,Name=jim,Age=33,Gender=True,Salary=3000,
True

（3）按年龄进行排序（默认升序）

OrderBy:

            IEnumerable<Employee> employees = list.OrderBy(a => a.Age);
            foreach (var i in employees) {
                Console.WriteLine(i);
            }
返回结果：
Id=4,Name=lucy,Age=16,Gender=False,Salary=2000,
Id=5,Name=kimi,Age=25,Gender=True,Salary=1000,
Id=1,Name=jerry,Age=28,Gender=True,Salary=5000,
Id=2,Name=jim,Age=33,Gender=True,Salary=3000,
Id=3,Name=lili,Age=35,Gender=False,Salary=9000,
Id=6,Name=nancy,Age=35,Gender=False,Salary=8000,

按年龄进行OrderByDescending(降序):

            IEnumerable<Employee> employees = list.OrderByDescending(a => a.Age);
            foreach (var i in employees) {
                Console.WriteLine(i);
            }
返回结果：
Id=3,Name=lili,Age=35,Gender=False,Salary=9000,
Id=6,Name=nancy,Age=35,Gender=False,Salary=8000,
Id=2,Name=jim,Age=33,Gender=True,Salary=3000,
Id=1,Name=jerry,Age=28,Gender=True,Salary=5000,
Id=5,Name=kimi,Age=25,Gender=True,Salary=1000,
Id=4,Name=lucy,Age=16,Gender=False,Salary=2000,

 OrderBy和ThenBy同时使用:

 //先根据年龄进行降序排列，当年龄相等的再进行工资的升序排列
 IEnumerable<Employee> e = list.OrderByDescending(a => a.Age).ThenBy(a=>a.Salary);
    foreach (var i in e) {
        Console.WriteLine(i);
            }
运行结果：
Id=6,Name=nancy,Age=35,Gender=False,Salary=8000,
Id=3,Name=lili,Age=35,Gender=False,Salary=9000,
Id=2,Name=jim,Age=33,Gender=True,Salary=3000,
Id=1,Name=jerry,Age=28,Gender=True,Salary=5000,
Id=5,Name=kimi,Age=25,Gender=True,Salary=1000,
Id=4,Name=lucy,Age=16,Gender=False,Salary=2000,

(4)GroupBy(分组)：对年龄进行分组，通过select的映射，显示出想要呈现的数据

  var item1 = list.GroupBy(e => e.Age).Select(g => new
            {
                nianling = g.Key,
                maxs = g.Max(e => e.Salary),
                mins = g.Min(e => e.Salary),
                renshu = g.Count()
            });
            foreach (var i in item1)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(i.nianling + "," + i.maxs + "," + i.mins + "," + i.renshu);
            }
返回结果：

28,5000,5000,1
33,3000,3000,1
35,9000,8000,2
16,2000,2000,1
25,1000,1000,1