学习笔记：《程序员小灰》二叉堆（Binary Heap）

1 定义

二叉堆（Binary Heap）本质上是一种完全二叉树，它分为：最大堆、最小堆。

二叉堆可用于堆排序、优先级队列。

二叉堆的特征：

• 最大堆：任何一个父节点的值，都大于等于它左右孩子节点的值。

• 最小堆：任何一个父节点的值，都小于等于它左右孩子节点的值。

2 添加

3 删除

4 构建

两种做法：

• 从前往后，所有节点依次上浮。
• 从后往前，所有节点依次下沉。

5 实现

import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * 二叉堆
 * <p>
 * 大顶堆
 *
 * @author wgm
 * @since 2021/4/23
 */
public class BinaryHeap {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] ints;

        ints = new int[] {1, 3, 2, 6, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0};
        System.out.println("通过上浮建堆：" + Arrays.toString(upAdjustBuildHeap(ints)));

        ints = new int[] {1, 3, 2, 6, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0};
        System.out.println("通过下沉建堆：" + Arrays.toString(downAdjustBuildHeap(ints)));
    }

    private static int[] upAdjustBuildHeap(int[] ints) {
        if (ints == null || ints.length <= 1) {
            return ints;
        }
        for (int i = 1; i < ints.length; i++) {
            int child = i;
            int parent = (child - 1) / 2;
            while (parent >= 0) {
                if (ints[child] > ints[parent]) {
                    swap(ints, child, parent);
                    child = parent;
                    parent = (child - 1) / 2;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return ints;
    }

    private static int[] downAdjustBuildHeap(int[] ints) {
        if (ints == null || ints.length <= 1) {
            return ints;
        }
        for (int i = (ints.length - 1 - 1) / 2; i >= 0; i--) {
            int parent = i;
            int leftChild = parent * 2 + 1;
            int rightChild = leftChild + 1;
            while (leftChild < ints.length) {
                int maxChild = leftChild;
                if (rightChild < ints.length && ints[rightChild] > ints[leftChild]) {
                    maxChild = rightChild;
                }
                if (ints[maxChild] > ints[parent]) {
                    swap(ints, maxChild, parent);
                    parent = maxChild;
                    leftChild = parent * 2 + 1;
                    rightChild = leftChild + 1;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return ints;
    }

    private static void swap(int[] ints, int index1, int index2) {
        int temp = ints[index1];
        ints[index1] = ints[index2];
        ints[index2] = temp;
    }
}

6 测试

D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\bin\java.exe -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:50014,suspend=y,server=n "-javaagent:C:\Users\GMWANG~1\AppData\Local\Temp\captureAgent2080jars\debugger-agent.jar" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\javaws.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\plugin.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\project\untitled\out\production\untitled;D:\program\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1\lib\idea_rt.jar" BinaryHeap
Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:50014', transport: 'socket'
通过上浮建堆：[10, 9, 7, 8, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 0]
通过下沉建堆：[10, 9, 8, 6, 5, 7, 2, 3, 1, 0]
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:50014', transport: 'socket'

Process finished with exit code 0