查看官方文档:https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.2.0.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/web.html#spring-web
#一、环境搭建
1.1 引入jar包
<dependency>
//日志打印
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
//dbcp连接池
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
</dependency>
//druld连接池
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.16</version>
</dependency>
//spring相关的包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
//连接数据库
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.3</version>
</dependency>
//面向切面编程的包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.9.4</version>
</dependency>
//mybatis框架
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.6</version>
</dependency>
//用来加密
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.15</version>
</dependency>
//MySQL的JDBC驱动包,用JDBC连接MySQL数据库时必须使用该jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.10</version>
</dependency>
//标签库
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
//文件上传
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
//Java语言编写的JSON处理器
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
//jsp页面处理
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
//测试类test
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
1.2 springMVC配置
*在web.xml文件里定义DispatcherServlet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
用户请求都会经过这个servlet,它会把请求分发给handlerMapping
*建立applicationContest.xml文件
该标签对包进行扫描,实现注解驱动Bean的定义
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.smbms"></context:component-scan>
该标签会自动注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping(处理器映射)和 AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter (处理器适配器)这两个Bean
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
用来拼接url访问路径
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
1.3 创建Controller(请求处理的控制器)
@RequestMapping("/aaa")//url访问地址--localhost:8080/项目名/aaa
@Controller
public class DemoController {
@RequestMapping("/demo")//url访问地址--localhost:8080/项目名/aaa/demo
public ModelAndView demo(User user, Model model){//参数model
System.out.println(user.getUserName());
model.addAttribute("date",new Date());//可在jsp等页面通过${date}访问
return new ModelAndView("error");配置了视图解析器ViewResolver会把url拼接成
//WEB-INF/jsp/error.jsp
}
}
1.4 部署运行
#二、springMVC传参方式
public ModelAndView demo(User user, Model model){
return new ModelAndView("error");
}
public String demo(@RequestParam(username)String name, Model model){//参数名为username
return new ModelAndView("error");
}
.*在url路径下localhost:8080:aaa/demo?name=tom---->可以访问到tom
#三、springMVC框架处理流程及体系结构
(1)用户发送请求至前端控制器DispatcherServlet;
(2) DispatcherServlet收到请求后,调用HandlerMapping处理器映射器,请求获取Handle;
(3)处理器映射器根据请求url找到具体的处理器,生成处理器对象及处理器拦截器(如果有则生成)一并返回给DispatcherServlet;
(4)DispatcherServlet 调用 HandlerAdapter处理器适配器;
(5)HandlerAdapter 经过适配调用 具体处理器(Handler,也叫后端控制器);
(6)Handler执行完成返回ModelAndView;
(7)HandlerAdapter将Handler执行结果ModelAndView返回给DispatcherServlet;
(8)DispatcherServlet将ModelAndView传给ViewResolver视图解析器进行解析;
(9)ViewResolver解析后返回具体View;
(10)DispatcherServlet对View进行渲染视图(即将模型数据填充至视图中)
(11)DispatcherServlet响应用户。