目录
普通参数:请求参数名与形参变量名不同,使用@RequestParam绑定参数关系
制作SpringMVC控制器,并通过PostMan测试接口功能
SpringMVC概述
1.SpringMVC 是一种基于Java实现MVC模型的轻量级框架
优点
1.1使用简单,开发便捷
1.2灵活性强
入门案例
使用Servlet技术开发web程序流程
1.创建web工程
2.设置tomcat服务器,加载web工程(tomcat插件)
3.导入坐标Servlet
4.定义处理请求的功能类(User Servlet)
5.设置请求映射
使用SpringMVC技术开发web程序流程
1.创建web工程
2.设置tomcat服务器,加载web工程(tomcat插件)
3.导入坐标SpringMVC+Servlet
4.定义处理请求的功能类(UserController)
5.设置请求映射(配置映射关系)
6.将SpringMVC设定加载到Tomcat容器中
导入pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.liyang</groupId>
<artifactId>springMVC_001</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>springMVC_001 Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.18</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<configuration>
<port>80</port>
<path>/</path>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
UserController
package com.liyang.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @auter liyang
*/
//定义controller
//使用@Controller定义bean
@Controller
public class UserController {
//设置当前操作的访问路径
@RequestMapping("/save")
//设置当前操作的返回值类型
@ResponseBody
public String sava(){
System.out.println("user save...");
return "{'module':'springmvc'}";
}
}
SpringMvcConfig
package com.liyang.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @auter liyang
*/
//创建springmvc的配置文件,加载controller对应的bean
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.liyang.controller")
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}
ServletContainersInitConfig
package com.liyang.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @auter liyang
*/
//定义一个servlet容器启动配置类在里面加载spring的配置
public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer {
//加载springmvc容器配置
@Override
protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx=new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
ctx.register(SpringMvcConfig.class);
return ctx;
}
//设置那些请求归属springmvc处理
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
//加载spring容器配置
@Override
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
return null;
}
}
因为功能不同,如何避免Spring错误的加载到SpringMvc的bean
加载Spring控制的时候排除掉SpringMVC控制的bean
1.SpringMVC对应bean加载
2.Spring对应bean加载
package com.liyang.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @auter liyang
*/
//定义一个servlet容器启动配置类在里面加载spring的配置
public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
}
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
}
/*
public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer {
//加载springmvc容器配置
@Override
protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx=new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
ctx.register(SpringMvcConfig.class);
return ctx;
}
//设置那些请求归属springmvc处理
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
//加载spring容器配置
@Override
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx=new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
ctx.register(SpringConfig.class);
return ctx;
}
}
*/
POST请求中文乱码处理
//乱码处理
@Override
protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
CharacterEncodingFilter filter=new CharacterEncodingFilter();
filter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
return new Filter[]{filter};
}
代参数GET请求
//普通参数
@RequestMapping("/commonParam")
@ResponseBody
public String commonParam(String name,int age){
System.out.println("普通参数 name==>"+name+" "+age);
return "{'module':'common param'}";
}
请求参数与传递
普通参数:请求参数名与形参变量名不同,使用@RequestParam绑定参数关系
@RequestMapping("/commonParamDifferentName")
@ResponseBody
public String commonParamDifferentName(@RequestParam("name") String Username, int age){
System.out.println("普通参数 name==>"+Username+" "+age);
return "{'module':'common param different name'}";
}
POJO参数传递和嵌套POJO参数传递
//POJO参数
@RequestMapping("/PojoParam")
@ResponseBody
public String PojoParam(User user){
System.out.println("POJO参数传递 name==>"+user);
return "{'module':'POJO param'}";
}
@RequestMapping("/PojoContainPojoParam")
@ResponseBody
public String PojoContainPojoParam(User user){
System.out.println("POJO参数传递 name==>"+user);
return "{'module':'POJO Contain Pojo param'}";
}
对应实体类
package com.liyang.domain;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @auter liyang
*/
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
private Address address;
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", address=" + address +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
数组和集合传参
@RequestMapping("/ArrayParam")
@ResponseBody
public String ArrayParam(String[] likes){
System.out.println("POJO参数传递 likes==>"+ Arrays.toString(likes));
return "{'module':'Arrayparam'}";
}
@RequestMapping("/listParam")
@ResponseBody
public String ArrayParam(@RequestParam List<String> likes){
System.out.println("POJO集合参数传递 likes==>"+ likes);
return "{'module':'list param'}";
}
接受请求中的JSON数据
设置发送json数据(请求body中添加JSON数据)
开启自动转换JSON数据支持
//@EnableWebMvc开启 由JSON数据转换实体类数据 //创建springmvc的配置文件,加载controller对应的bean @Configuration @ComponentScan("com.liyang.controller") @EnableWebMvc public class SpringMvcConfig { }
设置接受JSON数据@RequestBody
//JSON参数数据传输
@RequestMapping("/listParamForJson")
@ResponseBody
public String listParamForJson(@RequestBody List<String> likes){
System.out.println("POJO集合参数传递 likes==>"+ likes);
return "{'module':'list for Json param'}";
}
//POJO参数JSON传输
@RequestMapping("/pojoParamForJson")
@ResponseBody
public String pojoParamForJson(@RequestBody User user){
System.out.println("POJO集合参数传递 user==>"+ user);
return "{'module':'POJO for Json param'}";
}
//POJO集合参数JSON传输
@RequestMapping("/listpojoParamForJson")
@ResponseBody
public String listPojoParamForJson(@RequestBody List<User> list){
System.out.println("list POJO集合参数传递 user==>"+ list);
return "{'module':'list POJO for Json param'}";
}
@RequestBody和@RequestParam区别
区别:
@RequestParam用于接收url地址传输,表单传输【application/x-www-from-urlencoded】
@RequestBody用于接收json数据(application/json)
运用
后期开发中,发送json格式数据为主,@RequestBody运用较广
如果发送非JSON格式数据,选用@RequestParam接受请求参数
日期类型参数的传递
- 日期类型数据基于系统不同风格也不尽相同
2077-12-23
2077/5/23
08/21/2000
- 接受形参时,根据不同的日期格式设置不同的接受方式@DateTimeFormat
@RequestMapping("/dataParam")
@ResponseBody
public String dataParam(Date date,
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") Date date1,
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss") Date date2){
System.out.println("data参数传递==>"+ date);
System.out.println("data1参数传递==>(yyyy-MM-dd)"+ date1);
System.out.println("data1参数传递==>(yyyy-MM-dd HH:MM:SS)"+ date2);
return "{'module':' data Json param'}";
}
响应文本数据和返回JSON数据
//响应页面跳转页面
@RequestMapping("/toJumpPage")
public String toJunmPage(){
System.out.println("跳转页面");
return "page.jsp";
}
@RequestMapping("/toText")
@ResponseBody
public String toText(){
System.out.println("返回文本数据");
return "response text";
}
@RequestMapping("/toJsonPojo")
@ResponseBody
public User toJosnPojo(){
System.out.println("返回json对象数据");
User user = new User();
user.setName("liy");
user.setAge(23);
return user;
}
@RequestMapping("/toJsonList")
@ResponseBody
public List<User> toJosnList(){
System.out.println("返回json集合数据");
User user = new User();
user.setName("liy");
user.setAge(23);
User user1 = new User();
user1.setName("liy");
user1.setAge(23);
User user2 = new User();
user2.setName("liy");
user2.setAge(23);
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
userList.add(user);
userList.add(user1);
userList.add(user2);
return userList;
}
REST风格
名称:@RestController
类型:类注解
位置:基于SpringMVC的restfull开发控制器定义上方
作用:设置当前控制器类为restful风格,等同于@Controller与@ResponseBody两个注解组合功能
名称:@GetMapping @PostingMapping @Putmapping @DeleteMapping
类型:方法注解
位置:基于springMVC的RESTful开发控制器方法定义上方
作用:设置当前控制器方法请求访问路径与请求动作,每种对应一个请求动作,列如@Getmapping对应GET请求
属性:value:请求路径
范例
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.awt.print.Book;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @auter liyang
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/books")
public class BookController2 {
@PostMapping
public String save(@RequestBody Book book){
System.out.println("book save..."+book);
return "{'module':'book save'}";
}
@DeleteMapping("/{id}")
public String delete(@PathVariable Integer id){
System.out.println("book delete..."+id);
return "{'module':'book delete'}";
}
@PutMapping
public String update(@RequestBody Book book){
System.out.println("book updata..."+book);
return "{'module':'book updata'}";
}
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public String getById(@PathVariable Integer id){
System.out.println("book getById..."+id);
return "{'module':'book getById'}";
}
@GetMapping
public String getAll(){
System.out.println("book getAll");
return "{'module':'book getAll'}";
}
}
案例:基于RESTful页面数据交互
-
制作SpringMVC控制器,并通过PostMan测试接口功能
package com.liyang.controller;
import com.liyang.domain.Book;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @version 1.0
* @auter liyang
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {
@PostMapping
public String save(@RequestBody Book book){
System.out.println("book save ===="+book);
return "{'module':'book save success'}";
}
@GetMapping
public List<Book> getAll(){
System.out.println("book getAll is runing.....");
List<Book> bookList=new ArrayList<Book>();
Book book1 = new Book();
book1.setType("计算机");
book1.setName("springMVC入门教程");
book1.setDescription("小试牛刀");
bookList.add(book1);
Book book2 = new Book();
book2.setType("计算机");
book2.setName("springMVC入门教程");
book2.setDescription("一代宗师");
bookList.add(book2);
Book book3= new Book();
book3.setType("计算机丛书");
book3.setName("springMVC入门教程");
book3.setDescription("呕心沥血");
bookList.add(book3);
return bookList;
}
}
-
设置对静态资源的访问放行
@Configuration
public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
@Override
protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
//当访问/pages/???,走/pages目录下的内容
registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**").addResourceLocations("/pages/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**").addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
}
}
-
前端页面通过异步访问后台控制器
//添加
saveBook () {
axios.post("/books",this.formData).then((res)=>{
});
},
//主页列表查询
getAll() {
axios.get("/books").then((res)=>{
this.dataList = res.data;
});
},
-
最终页面效果展示