linux中mysql的备份与恢复练习（mysqldump,xtrabackup,mydumper）

数据库备份，数据库为school ， 创建student和score表,为student表和score表增加记录

create database school;

CREATE TABLE student (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
sex VARCHAR(4) ,
birth YEAR,
department VARCHAR(20) ,
address VARCHAR(50)
);

CREATE TABLE score (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
c_name VARCHAR(20) ,
grade INT(10)
);

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

3.备份数据库school到/backup目录

cd /usr/local/mysql
mkdir /backup
mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' school > backup/school.sql

4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' -B school > backup/school_B.sql

5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

tar zcf /usr/local/mysql/data/school.tar.gz *

6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' school student > backup/school_student.sql

7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（company)

mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' --databases school company > backup/two.sql

8.仅仅备份数据库结构

mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' -d school > backup/school_g.sql

9.备份服务器上所有数据库

mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' --all-databases > backup/all.sql

10.还原MySQL数据库

source /mysql/backup/all.sql

11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库

tar xf /usr/local/mysql/data/school.tar.gz -C ./

12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock /backup/school_xtrabackup.sql

13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

scp -r /backup/school_xtrabackup.sql/* 192.168.200.136:/backup/

14.使用mydumper备份数据库

 mydumper -u root -p 123456 -B school -S /tmp/mysql.sock -o /backup/school

15.使用mydumper恢复数据库(先模拟数据库被破坏）

drop database school;

myloader -u root -p 123456 -S /tmp/mysql.sock -d /backup/school/ -B school