java 代码中好用的 http 请求的两种方式

1、spring框架自带的http工具RestTemplate

 1.1、post请求

public ResponseResult postForObject(String url, String params) {
    HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
    headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
    headers.add("Accept", MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);
    //需要token的，需要在头部加上token值
    headers.add("Authorization","Bearer token值");
    HttpEntity<String> formEntity = new HttpEntity<>(params, headers);
    ResponseEntity<String> result = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, formEntity, String.class);
    return ResponseResult.setSuccess(result.getBody());
}

1.2、get请求

这里用到了RestTemplate.exchange，支持各种请求方式

public ResponseResult getForObject(String url, Map params) {
   HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
   headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
   headers.add("Accept", MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);
   //需要token的，需要在头部加上token值
   headers.add("Authorization", "Bearer token值");
   HttpEntity<String> formEntity = new HttpEntity<>(headers);
   //注意，get请求中，请求参数也可以选择跟在url后面
   ResponseEntity<String> result = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, formEntity, String.class, params);
   return ResponseResult.setSuccess(result.getBody());
}

2、简化版http 请求的工具，配置Retrofit 并使用各种请求方式

2.1、 引入maven依赖，具体版本自己决定

//由于Retrofit是基于OkHttp，所以还需要添加OkHttp库依赖
<dependency>
   <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp</groupId>
   <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
   <version>2.2.0</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
   <groupId>com.squareup.retrofit</groupId>
   <artifactId>retrofit</artifactId>
   <version>1.9.0</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
   <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
   <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
   <version>2.8.6</version>
</dependency>

2.2、创建实例

Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()

    .baseUrl("请求地址")

    .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())

    .client(new OkHttpClient.Builder().build())

    .build();

2.3、创建具体请求接口

public interface TestApiService {

    @Headers({"Content-Type: application/json", "Accept:  */*"})
    @GET("请求路径")
    Result<String> testGet(
            @Header("Authorization") String token,
            @Query("参数名") String 参数值);


    @Headers({"Content-Type: application/json", "Accept:  */*"})
    @POST("请求路径")
    Result<String> testPost(
            @Header("Authorization") String token,
            @Body 对象参数类型 参数值);
}

2.4、Retrofit通过动态代理的方式来创建API接口的实现类，调用API

Result<String> result = retrofit.create(TestApiService.class).testGet(token,参数);