Stream流的基本操作（JDK 1.8 新特性之Stream）

一、stream流的使用流程

1.创建流：有且创建一次即可。
2. 中间操作：0个，1个及多个均可，可以进行链式操作。
3. 终端操作：一条语句中有且只存在1个，一旦进行该操作，代表该流已结束。

我们需要关注的，是对流的中间操作和终端操作。

二、创建流

串行流线程安全，保证顺序；并行流线程不安全，不保证顺序，但是快。

// 串行流
Stream<User> stream = users.stream();
// 并行流
Stream<User> stream = users.parallelStream();

三、实际应用

例子：创建一个Student实体类

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {

    private Long id;

    private String name;

    private String address;

    private Integer age;

    private String flag;
    
    }

业务场景：有一个List列表,我们需要获得年龄为70岁的前2个Student的姓名。

• 传统的实现方式：

List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
		
list.add(new Student(1l, "刘亦菲", "北京市", 70, "Y"));
list.add(new Student(2l, "张明明", "北京市", 70, "Y"));
list.add(new Student(3l, "李萌萌", "北京市", 70, "Y "));
list.add(new Student(4l, "赵侃侃", "北京市", 56, "Y"));
        
List<String> nameList = new ArrayList(); // 收集的姓名集合
for(Student student: list){
    if(student.getAge() == 70){ // 满足条件
        nameList.add(student.getName); // 加入姓名集合
        if(nameList.size() >= 10){ // 判断是否超过限制
            break;
        }
    }
}

• 通过stream实现：

		List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
		
        list.add(new Student(1l, "刘亦菲", "北京市", 70, "Y"));
        list.add(new Student(2l, "张明明", "北京市", 70, "Y"));
        list.add(new Student(3l, "李萌萌", "北京市", 70, "Y "));
        list.add(new Student(4l, "赵侃侃", "北京市", 56, "Y"));
        List<String> nameList = list.stream().filter(student -> student.getAge() == 70) // 过滤条件
                .limit(2)  // limit限制条件
                .map(student -> student.getName()) // 获得姓名
                .collect(Collectors.toList()); // 转化为list

        nameList.forEach(student -> System.out.println(student));

四、stream常用方法

javaBean准备：

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {

    private Long id;

    private String name;

    private String address;

    private Integer age;

    private String flag;
    
    }

1、forEach()迭代数据

 		List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
 		
        list.add(new Student(1l,"刘亦菲","北京市",28,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(2l,"张明明","北京市",34,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(3l,"李萌萌","北京市",12,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(4l,"赵侃侃","北京市",46,"Y"));

		// java 8 stream lambda
        list.stream().forEach(student -> System.out.println(student));

打印结果：

2、sorted() 排序数据（默认顺序排序，reverse方法倒序排序）

• 按照年龄顺序排序

		List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
		
        list.add(new Student(1l,"刘亦菲","北京市",28,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(2l,"张明明","北京市",34,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(3l,"李萌萌","北京市",12,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(4l,"赵侃侃","北京市",46,"Y"));

        list.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Student::getAge)).forEach(student -> System.out.println(student));

打印结果：

• 按照年龄降序排序

		List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
		
        list.add(new Student(1l,"刘亦菲","北京市",28,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(2l,"张明明","北京市",34,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(3l,"李萌萌","北京市",12,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(4l,"赵侃侃","北京市",46,"Y"));

        list.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Student::getAge).reversed()).forEach(student -> System.out.println(student));

打印结果：

3、filter()：过滤

业务：过滤出年龄大于45的人

		List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
		
        list.add(new Student(1l,"刘亦菲","北京市",28,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(2l,"张明明","北京市",34,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(3l,"李萌萌","北京市",12,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(4l,"赵侃侃","北京市",46,"Y"));

        list.stream().filter((student -> student.getAge() > 45)).forEach(student -> System.out.println(student));

打印结果：

4、limit()：使用该方法截断

业务：只输出前两个

		List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
		
        list.add(new Student(1l,"刘亦菲","北京市",28,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(2l,"张明明","北京市",34,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(3l,"李萌萌","北京市",12,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(4l,"赵侃侃","北京市",46,"Y"));

        list.stream().limit(2).forEach(student -> System.out.println(student));

打印结果：

5、skip()：与limit互斥，使用该方法跳过元素

业务：跳过前2个元素，从第3个开始输出

		List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
		
        list.add(new Student(1l,"刘亦菲","北京市",28,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(2l,"张明明","北京市",34,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(3l,"李萌萌","北京市",12,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(4l,"赵侃侃","北京市",46,"Y"));

        list.stream().skip(2).forEach(student -> System.out.println(student));

打印结果：

6、max，min，sum，avg，count

		List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new Student(1l,"刘亦菲","北京市",28,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(2l,"张明明","北京市",34,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(3l,"李萌萌","北京市",12,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(4l,"赵侃侃","北京市",46,"Y"));

        IntSummaryStatistics num = list.stream().mapToInt(student -> student.getAge())
                .summaryStatistics();
        System.out.println("总共人数：" + num.getCount());
        System.out.println("平均年龄：" + num.getAverage());
        System.out.println("最大年龄：" + num.getMax());
        System.out.println("最小年龄：" + num.getMin());
        System.out.println("年龄之和：" + num.getSum());

打印结果：

7、map()：接收一个方法作为参数，该函数会被应用到每个元素上，并将其映射成一个新的元素

		List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
		
        list.add(new Student(1l,"刘亦菲","北京市",28,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(2l,"张明明","北京市",34,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(3l,"李萌萌","北京市",12,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(4l,"赵侃侃","北京市",46,"Y"));

        List<Integer> ages = list.stream().map(user -> user.getAge()).collect(Collectors.toList());
        ages.forEach(age -> System.out.println(age));

打印结果：

8、findFirst() ：使用该方法获取第一个元素

		List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
		
        list.add(new Student(1l,"刘亦菲","北京市",28,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(2l,"张明明","北京市",34,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(3l,"李萌萌","北京市",12,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(4l,"赵侃侃","北京市",46,"Y"));

        Student student = list.stream().findFirst().get();
        System.out.println(student);

9、reduce() ：多方面操作

reduce 操作可以实现从一组元素中生成一个值

sum()、max()、min()、count()等都是reduce操作。

业务：找到年龄最大的

		List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new Student(1l,"刘亦菲","北京市",28,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(2l,"张明明","北京市",34,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(3l,"李萌萌","北京市",12,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(4l,"赵侃侃","北京市",46,"Y"));

        Optional<Student> reduce = list.stream().reduce((s1, s2) -> s1.getAge() > s2.getAge() ? s1 : s2);
        Student student = reduce.get();
        System.out.println(student);

10、anyMatch / allMatch / noneMatch

anyMatch：判断的条件里，任意一个元素成功，返回true
allMatch：判断条件里的元素，所有的都是，返回true
noneMatch：与allMatch相反，判断条件里的元素，所有的都不是，返回true

业务：判断集合中的flag是否都是Y

		List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new Student(1l,"刘亦菲","北京市",28,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(2l,"张明明","北京市",34,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(3l,"李萌萌","北京市",12,"Y"));
        list.add(new Student(4l,"赵侃侃","北京市",46,"Y"));

       boolean boo = list.stream().allMatch(student -> "Y".equals(student.getFlag()));
       System.out.println(boo);

打印结果：

资源连接：stream的相关API操作