《昇思25天学习打卡营第13天|ShuffleNet图像分类》

ShuffleNet是一种用于深度学习的轻量级神经网络架构，主要设计目标是提高计算效率和降低计算成本，特别适用于移动设备和嵌入式系统等资源受限的环境。ShuffleNet的核心创新点在于引入了两种新的操作：分组卷积（Grouped Convolution）和通道洗牌（Channel Shuffle）。
分组卷积：将卷积分为多个组，每个组独立进行卷积运算，从而大幅减少计算量和参数量。

1. 通道洗牌：在分组卷积之后，对输出通道进行重新排列，以保证信息在各个组之间的流通和融合，提高网络的表达能力。

ShuffleNet通过这两种操作有效地在减少计算量的同时保持了较高的准确性。其典型应用包括图像分类、目标检测等任务。

ShuffleNet有两个版本：

• ShuffleNet v1：引入了上述分组卷积和通道洗牌的基本概念。
• ShuffleNet v2：进一步优化了网络结构，引入了新的设计原则来进一步提升效率和准确性。

ShuffleNet v1 的结构

 ShuffleNetV1是旷视科技提出的一种计算高效的CNN模型，和MobileNet, SqueezeNet等一样主要应用在移动端，所以模型的设计目标就是利用有限的计算资源来达到最好的模型精度。ShuffleNetV1的设计核心是引入了两种操作：Pointwise Group Convolution和Channel Shuffle，这在保持精度的同时大大降低了模型的计算量。因此，ShuffleNetV1和MobileNet类似，都是通过设计更高效的网络结构来实现模型的压缩和加速。

ShuffleNet v1 的主要组件是 ShuffleNet 单元，它由以下几部分组成：

1. 分组卷积：将输入通道分为若干组，每组进行卷积操作。
2. 1x1卷积：对分组卷积的输出进行1x1卷积操作，用于降维或升维。
3. 通道洗牌：将各组的输出通道重新排列，以实现跨组的信息融合。

ShuffleNet v2 的优化

ShuffleNet v2 在 v1 的基础上进行了优化，主要包括：

1. 简化的网络设计：减少了不必要的复杂度，使网络结构更加简单高效。
2. 新的分组策略：改进了分组策略，使计算分布更加均衡。
3. 通道分离：对不同组之间的通道进行分离，减少组内和组间的计算依赖。

实现 ShuffleNet 图像分类的步骤包括数据准备、模型构建、训练和评估四个主要部分

1. 数据准备

准备好用于训练和测试的图像数据集。

1. 数据下载与预处理：
   • 下载数据集，并将其分为训练集和测试集。
   • 对图像进行预处理，包括调整大小、归一化、数据增强等操作。

2. 模型构建

定义 ShuffleNet 模型结构。

class ShuffleNetV1(nn.Cell):
    def __init__(self, n_class=1000, model_size='2.0x', group=3):
        super(ShuffleNetV1, self).__init__()
        print('model size is ', model_size)
        self.stage_repeats = [4, 8, 4]
        self.model_size = model_size
        if group == 3:
            if model_size == '0.5x':
                self.stage_out_channels = [-1, 12, 120, 240, 480]
            elif model_size == '1.0x':
                self.stage_out_channels = [-1, 24, 240, 480, 960]
            elif model_size == '1.5x':
                self.stage_out_channels = [-1, 24, 360, 720, 1440]
            elif model_size == '2.0x':
                self.stage_out_channels = [-1, 48, 480, 960, 1920]
            else:
                raise NotImplementedError
        elif group == 8:
            if model_size == '0.5x':
                self.stage_out_channels = [-1, 16, 192, 384, 768]
            elif model_size == '1.0x':
                self.stage_out_channels = [-1, 24, 384, 768, 1536]
            elif model_size == '1.5x':
                self.stage_out_channels = [-1, 24, 576, 1152, 2304]
            elif model_size == '2.0x':
                self.stage_out_channels = [-1, 48, 768, 1536, 3072]
            else:
                raise NotImplementedError
        input_channel = self.stage_out_channels[1]
        self.first_conv = nn.SequentialCell(
            nn.Conv2d(3, input_channel, 3, 2, 'pad', 1, weight_init='xavier_uniform', has_bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(input_channel),
            nn.ReLU(),
        )
        self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, pad_mode='same')
        features = []
        for idxstage in range(len(self.stage_repeats)):
            numrepeat = self.stage_repeats[idxstage]
            output_channel = self.stage_out_channels[idxstage + 2]
            for i in range(numrepeat):
                stride = 2 if i == 0 else 1
                first_group = idxstage == 0 and i == 0
                features.append(ShuffleV1Block(input_channel, output_channel,
                                               group=group, first_group=first_group,
                                               mid_channels=output_channel // 4, ksize=3, stride=stride))
                input_channel = output_channel
        self.features = nn.SequentialCell(features)
        self.globalpool = nn.AvgPool2d(7)
        self.classifier = nn.Dense(self.stage_out_channels[-1], n_class)

    def construct(self, x):
        x = self.first_conv(x)
        x = self.maxpool(x)
        x = self.features(x)
        x = self.globalpool(x)
        x = ops.reshape(x, (-1, self.stage_out_channels[-1]))
        x = self.classifier(x)
        return x

3. 训练模型

设置损失函数和优化器，训练模型。

import mindspore as ms
from mindspore.dataset import Cifar10Dataset
from mindspore.dataset import vision, transforms

def get_dataset(train_dataset_path, batch_size, usage):
    image_trans = []
    if usage == "train":
        image_trans = [
            vision.RandomCrop((32, 32), (4, 4, 4, 4)),
            vision.RandomHorizontalFlip(prob=0.5),
            vision.Resize((224, 224)),
            vision.Rescale(1.0 / 255.0, 0.0),
            vision.Normalize([0.4914, 0.4822, 0.4465], [0.2023, 0.1994, 0.2010]),
            vision.HWC2CHW()
        ]
    elif usage == "test":
        image_trans = [
            vision.Resize((224, 224)),
            vision.Rescale(1.0 / 255.0, 0.0),
            vision.Normalize([0.4914, 0.4822, 0.4465], [0.2023, 0.1994, 0.2010]),
            vision.HWC2CHW()
        ]
    label_trans = transforms.TypeCast(ms.int32)
    dataset = Cifar10Dataset(train_dataset_path, usage=usage, shuffle=True)
    dataset = dataset.map(image_trans, 'image')
    dataset = dataset.map(label_trans, 'label')
    dataset = dataset.batch(batch_size, drop_remainder=True)
    return dataset

dataset = get_dataset("./dataset/cifar-10-batches-bin", 128, "train")
batches_per_epoch = dataset.get_dataset_size()

import time
import mindspore
import numpy as np
from mindspore import Tensor, nn
from mindspore.train import ModelCheckpoint, CheckpointConfig, TimeMonitor, LossMonitor, Model, Top1CategoricalAccuracy, Top5CategoricalAccuracy

def train():
    mindspore.set_context(mode=mindspore.PYNATIVE_MODE, device_target="Ascend")
    net = ShuffleNetV1(model_size="2.0x", n_class=10)
    loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(weight=None, reduction='mean', label_smoothing=0.1)
    min_lr = 0.0005
    base_lr = 0.05
    lr_scheduler = mindspore.nn.cosine_decay_lr(min_lr,
                                                base_lr,
                                                batches_per_epoch*250,
                                                batches_per_epoch,
                                                decay_epoch=250)
    lr = Tensor(lr_scheduler[-1])
    optimizer = nn.Momentum(params=net.trainable_params(), learning_rate=lr, momentum=0.9, weight_decay=0.00004, loss_scale=1024)
    loss_scale_manager = ms.amp.FixedLossScaleManager(1024, drop_overflow_update=False)
    model = Model(net, loss_fn=loss, optimizer=optimizer, amp_level="O3", loss_scale_manager=loss_scale_manager)
    callback = [TimeMonitor(), LossMonitor()]
    save_ckpt_path = "./"
    config_ckpt = CheckpointConfig(save_checkpoint_steps=batches_per_epoch, keep_checkpoint_max=5)
    ckpt_callback = ModelCheckpoint("shufflenetv1", directory=save_ckpt_path, config=config_ckpt)
    callback += [ckpt_callback]

    print("============== Starting Training ==============")
    start_time = time.time()
    # 由于时间原因，epoch = 5，可根据需求进行调整
    model.train(5, dataset, callbacks=callback)
    use_time = time.time() - start_time
    hour = str(int(use_time // 60 // 60))
    minute = str(int(use_time // 60 % 60))
    second = str(int(use_time % 60))
    print("total time:" + hour + "h " + minute + "m " + second + "s")
    print("============== Train Success ==============")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    train()

4. 模型评估

在测试集上评估模型性能。

from mindspore import load_checkpoint, load_param_into_net

def test():
    mindspore.set_context(mode=mindspore.GRAPH_MODE, device_target="Ascend")
    dataset = get_dataset("./dataset/cifar-10-batches-bin", 128, "test")
    net = ShuffleNetV1(model_size="2.0x", n_class=10)
    param_dict = load_checkpoint("shufflenetv1-5_390.ckpt")
    load_param_into_net(net, param_dict)
    net.set_train(False)
    loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(weight=None, reduction='mean', label_smoothing=0.1)
    eval_metrics = {'Loss': nn.Loss(), 'Top_1_Acc': Top1CategoricalAccuracy(),
                    'Top_5_Acc': Top5CategoricalAccuracy()}
    model = Model(net, loss_fn=loss, metrics=eval_metrics)
    start_time = time.time()
    res = model.eval(dataset, dataset_sink_mode=False)
    use_time = time.time() - start_time
    hour = str(int(use_time // 60 // 60))
    minute = str(int(use_time // 60 % 60))
    second = str(int(use_time % 60))
    log = "result:" + str(res) + ", ckpt:'" + "./shufflenetv1-5_390.ckpt" \
        + "', time: " + hour + "h " + minute + "m " + second + "s"
    print(log)
    filename = './eval_log.txt'
    with open(filename, 'a') as file_object:
        file_object.write(log + '\n')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test()

模型预测

在CIFAR-10的测试集上对模型进行预测，并将预测结果可视化。

import mindspore
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mindspore.dataset as ds

net = ShuffleNetV1(model_size="2.0x", n_class=10)
show_lst = []
param_dict = load_checkpoint("shufflenetv1-5_390.ckpt")
load_param_into_net(net, param_dict)
model = Model(net)
dataset_predict = ds.Cifar10Dataset(dataset_dir="./dataset/cifar-10-batches-bin", shuffle=False, usage="train")
dataset_show = ds.Cifar10Dataset(dataset_dir="./dataset/cifar-10-batches-bin", shuffle=False, usage="train")
dataset_show = dataset_show.batch(16)
show_images_lst = next(dataset_show.create_dict_iterator())["image"].asnumpy()
image_trans = [
    vision.RandomCrop((32, 32), (4, 4, 4, 4)),
    vision.RandomHorizontalFlip(prob=0.5),
    vision.Resize((224, 224)),
    vision.Rescale(1.0 / 255.0, 0.0),
    vision.Normalize([0.4914, 0.4822, 0.4465], [0.2023, 0.1994, 0.2010]),
    vision.HWC2CHW()
        ]
dataset_predict = dataset_predict.map(image_trans, 'image')
dataset_predict = dataset_predict.batch(16)
class_dict = {0:"airplane", 1:"automobile", 2:"bird", 3:"cat", 4:"deer", 5:"dog", 6:"frog", 7:"horse", 8:"ship", 9:"truck"}
# 推理效果展示(上方为预测的结果，下方为推理效果图片)
plt.figure(figsize=(16, 5))
predict_data = next(dataset_predict.create_dict_iterator())
output = model.predict(ms.Tensor(predict_data['image']))
pred = np.argmax(output.asnumpy(), axis=1)
index = 0
for image in show_images_lst:
    plt.subplot(2, 8, index+1)
    plt.title('{}'.format(class_dict[pred[index]]))
    index += 1
    plt.imshow(image)
    plt.axis("off")
plt.show()