1、显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以不区分大小的h开头的行；
[root@localhost test]# grep -E "^[h|H]" /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
2、显示/etc/passwd中以sh结尾的行;
[root@localhost test]# grep sh$ /etc/passwd
3、显示/etc/fstab中以#开头，且后面跟一个或多个空白字符，而后又跟了任意非空白字符的行；
[root@localhost test]# grep "^#[[:space:]]\{1,\}[^[:space:]]" /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Jul 9 04:36:11 2022
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
4、查找/etc/rc.d/rc.local中包含“以to开始并以to结尾”的字串行；
[root@localhost test]# grep "\(to\).*\1" /etc/rc.d/rc.local # In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
5、查找/etc/inittab中含有“以s开头，并以d结尾的单词”模式的行；
[root@localhost test]# grep "\<s[a-Z]*d\>" /etc/inittab # Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target # systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
6、查找ifconfig命令结果中的1-255之间的整数；
[root@localhost test]# ifconfig | grep -E "\<([1-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\>" [root@localhost test]# ifconfig | grep -w "`seq 255`" inet 192.168.223.132 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.223.255 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8f:6df2 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:8f:6d:f2 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 14634 bytes 14380402 (13.7 MiB) TX packets 9060 bytes 724182 (707.2 KiB) lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> RX packets 12 bytes 1020 (1020.0 B) TX packets 12 bytes 1020 (1020.0 B)
7、显示/var/log/secure文件中包含“Failed”或“FAILED”的行；
[root@localhost test]# egrep "(Failed|FAILED)" /var/log/secure
8、在/etc/passwd中取出默认shell为bash的行；
[root@localhost test]# grep "bash" /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash redhat:x:1000:1000:redhat:/home/redhat:/bin/bash tom:x:1003:1003::/home/tom:/bin/bash user1:x:1004:1004::/home/user1:/bin/bash user2:x:1005:1005::/home/user2:/bin/bash user3:x:1006:1006::/home/user3:/bin/bash user4:x:1007:1007::/home/user4:/bin/bash user5:x:1008:1008::/home/user5:/bin/bash user6:x:1009:1009::/home/user6:/bin/bash user7:x:1010:1010::/home/user7:/bin/bash user8:x:1011:1011::/home/user8:/bin/bash user9:x:1012:1012::/home/user9:/bin/bash user10:x:1013:1013::/home/user10:/bin/bash user11:x:1014:1014::/home/user11:/bin/bash user12:x:1015:1015::/home/user12:/bin/bash user13:x:1016:1016::/home/user13:/bin/bash user14:x:1017:1017::/home/user14:/bin/bash user15:x:1018:1018::/home/user15:/bin/bash user16:x:1019:1019::/home/user16:/bin/bash user17:x:1020:1020::/home/user17:/bin/bash user18:x:1021:1021::/home/user18:/bin/bash user19:x:1022:1022::/home/user19:/bin/bash user20:x:1023:1023::/home/user20:/bin/bash
9、以长格式列出/etc/目录下以ns开头、.conf结尾的文件信息；
[root@localhost test]# ll /etc/ns*.conf lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Jul 9 12:47 /etc/nsswitch.conf -> /etc/authselect/nsswitch.conf
10、高亮显示passwd文件中冒号，及其两侧的字符；
[root@localhost test]# grep -E --color "(.(:.){1,}|.:+.)" /etc/passwd
1、删除/etc/grub2.conf文件中所有以空白开头的行行首的空白字符
[root@localhost etc]# vim testgrub.conf jdskjgfkllksllkldkjfl kjkdjjlas dksjkdjksjl fjkjdsjf kdjfjdskla jdksjfkjksjlkf kfdsjlflmmflmdl dsjfjlsaksakkfldkkdkl [root@localhost etc]# sed -r 's/^[[:space:]]//' /etc/testgrub.conf jdskjgfkllksllkldkjfl kjkdjjlas dksjkdjksjl fjkjdsjf kdjfjdskla jdksjfkjksjlkf kfdsjlflmmflmdl dsjfjlsaksakkfldkkdkl
2、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头，后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符
[root@localhost rc.d]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Jul 9 04:36:11 2022 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'. # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. # # After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd # units generated from this file. # /dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=8e1cec7b-3876-430c-a34c-8c6c658ce96a /boot xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/rhel-swap none swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sr0 /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0 [root@localhost test]# sed -r 's/^#[[:space:]]*//' /etc/fstab /etc/fstab Created by anaconda on Sat Jul 9 04:36:11 2022 Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'. See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd units generated from this file. /dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=8e1cec7b-3876-430c-a34c-8c6c658ce96a /boot xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/rhel-swap none swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sr0 /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0
3、在/root/install.log每一行行首增加#号
[root@localhost test]# sed -r 's/^.*$/#&/' /root/install.sh
4、在/etc/fstab文件中不以#开头的行的行首增加#号
[root@localhost test]# sed -r 's/^[^\#]/#&/' /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Jul 9 04:36:11 2022 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'. # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. # # After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd # units generated from this file. # #/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 0 #UUID=8e1cec7b-3876-430c-a34c-8c6c658ce96a /boot xfs defaults 0 0 #/dev/mapper/rhel-swap none swap defaults 0 0 #/dev/sr0 /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0
5、利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址
[root@localhost test]# ifconfig | sed -n 2p | sed -r "s/.*inet[[:space:]]*//" | sed -r "s/[[:space:]]*netmask.*//" 192.168.223.132
6、关闭本机SELinux的功能
[root@localhost test]# sed -I 's#SELINUX=enforced#SELINUX=disabled#g' [root@localhost test]# getenforce Disabled
7、在/etc/hosts配置文件中添加内容
[root@localhost test]# sed -i '1 i 1234567' /etc/hosts [root@localhost test]# sed -i '$ a qwertyu' /etc/hosts [root@localhost test]# cat /etc/hosts 1234567 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.223.132 www.ceshi.com qwertyu
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