上数学课的时候几何太烦了于是就莫名奇妙的想到了标题然后莫名其妙的想到了证明,现在发现貌似还没有找到相同的证明,于是就发了出来。
设 F 0 = F 1 = 1 , F i = F i − 1 + F i − 2 F_0=F_1=1,F_i=F_{i-1}+F_{i-2} F0=F1=1,Fi=Fi−1+Fi−2 (斐波那契数列)
令 x x x 满足 x 2 = x + 1 x^2=x+1 x2=x+1, p , q p,q p,q 为 x x x 的两个解 ( p > q ) (p>q) (p>q)
发现此时 x x x 满足: x n = x n − 1 + x n − 2 x^n=x^{n-1}+x^{n-2} xn=xn−1+xn−2
于是我们发现:
F n x m + F n − 1 x m − 1 F_nx^m+F_{n-1}x^{m-1} Fnxm+Fn−1xm−1
= ( F n − 1 + F n − 2 ) x m + F n − 1 x m − 1 =(F_{n-1}+F_{n-2})x^m+F_{n-1}x^{m-1} =(Fn−1+Fn−2)xm+Fn−1xm−1
= F n − 1 x m + F n − 2 x m + F n − 1 x m − 1 =F_{n-1}x^m+F_{n-2}x^m+F_{n-1}x^{m-1} =Fn−1xm+Fn−2xm+Fn−1xm−1
= F n − 1 ( x m + x m − 1 ) + F n − 2 x m =F_{n-1}(x^m+x^{m-1})+F_{n-2}x^m =Fn−1(xm+xm−1)+Fn−2xm
= F n − 1 x m + 1 + F n − 2 x m =F_{n-1}x^{m+1}+F_{n-2}x^m =Fn−1xm+1+Fn−2xm
由归纳法可得:
F n x n + F n − 1 x n − 1 F_nx^n+F_{n-1}x^{n-1} Fnxn+Fn−1xn−1
= F 1 x 2 n − 1 + F 0 x 2 n − 2 =F_1x^{2n-1}+F_0x^{2n-2} =F1x2n−1+F0x2n−2
= x 2 n − 1 + x 2 n − 2 =x^{2n-1}+x^{2n-2} =x2n−1+x2n−2
= x 2 n =x^{2n} =x2n
此时将 p , q p,q p,q 分别代入,发现
F n p n + F n − 1 p n − 1 = p 2 n F_np^n+F_{n-1}p^{n-1}=p^{2n} Fnpn+Fn−1pn−1=p2n
F n q n + F n − 1 q n − 1 = q 2 n F_nq^n+F_{n-1}q^{n-1}=q^{2n} Fnqn+Fn−1qn−1=q2n
解得 F n = p n + 1 − q n + 1 p − q F_n=\dfrac{p^{n+1}-q^{n+1}}{p-q} Fn=p−qpn+1−qn+1
解 x x x 得 p = 1 + 5 2 , q = 1 − 5 2 p=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2},q=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2} p=21+5,q=21−5
化简 F n F_n Fn:
F n = 1 5 [ ( 1 + 5 2 ) n + 1 − ( 1 − 5 2 ) n + 1 ] F_n=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}[(\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2})^{n+1}-(\frac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2})^{n+1}] Fn=51[(21+5)n+1−(21−5)n+1]
即斐波那契数列通项公式。