k8s应用快速入门

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-09 11:43:44 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-11-09 11:43:44 发布
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文章标签： kubernetes linux docker
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_59750663/article/details/121320514
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[root@master ~]# kubectl
kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.

 Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/

Basic Commands (Beginner):
  create        Create a resource from a file or from stdin
  expose        Take a replication controller, service, deployment or pod and expose it as a new Kubernetes service
  run           在集群中运行一个指定的镜像
  set           为 objects 设置一个指定的特征

Basic Commands (Intermediate):
  explain       Get documentation for a resource
  get           显示一个或更多 resources
  edit          在服务器上编辑一个资源
  delete        Delete resources by file names, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector

Deploy Commands:
  rollout       Manage the rollout of a resource
  scale         Set a new size for a deployment, replica set, or replication controller
  autoscale     Auto-scale a deployment, replica set, stateful set, or replication controller

Cluster Management Commands:
  certificate   修改 certificate 资源.
  cluster-info  Display cluster information
  top           Display resource (CPU/memory) usage
  cordon        标记 node 为 unschedulable
  uncordon      标记 node 为 schedulable
  drain         Drain node in preparation for maintenance
  taint         更新一个或者多个 node 上的 taints

Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
  describe      显示一个指定 resource 或者 group 的 resources 详情
  logs          输出容器在 pod 中的日志
  attach        Attach 到一个运行中的 container
  exec          在一个 container 中执行一个命令
  port-forward  Forward one or more local ports to a pod
  proxy         运行一个 proxy 到 Kubernetes API server
  cp            Copy files and directories to and from containers
  auth          Inspect authorization
  debug         Create debugging sessions for troubleshooting workloads and nodes

Advanced Commands:
  diff          Diff the live version against a would-be applied version
  apply         Apply a configuration to a resource by file name or stdin
  patch         Update fields of a resource
  replace       Replace a resource by file name or stdin
  wait          Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on one or many resources
  kustomize     Build a kustomization target from a directory or URL.

Settings Commands:
  label         更新在这个资源上的 labels
  annotate      更新一个资源的注解
  completion    Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh)

Other Commands:
  api-resources Print the supported API resources on the server
  api-versions  Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"
  config        修改 kubeconfig 文件
  plugin        Provides utilities for interacting with plugins
  version       输出 client 和 server 的版本信息

Usage:
  kubectl [flags] [options]

Use "kubectl <command> --help" for more information about a given command.
Use "kubectl options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).

 查看node06具体信息

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe node node06

 使用k8s 干跑创建一个名为：ngxin-test ， 镜像为nginx1.14 暴露端口80

[root@master ~]# kubectl run nginx-test --image=nginx:1.14-aline --port=80  --dry-run=client

 run并不会创建 deployment

kubectl run nginx-test1 --image=nginx --port=80

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME          READY   STATUS             RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-test    0/1     ImagePullBackOff   0          117s
nginx-test1   1/1     Running            0          59s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment
No resources found in default namespace.

 kubectl create deployment nginx-test1 --image=nginx

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                           READY   STATUS             RESTARTS   AGE     IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-6799fc88d8-9q4jf         1/1     Running            0          5m40s   10.244.1.3   node06   <none>           <none>
nginx-test                     0/1     ImagePullBackOff   0          10m     10.244.1.2   node06   <none>           <none>
nginx-test1                    1/1     Running            0          9m48s   10.244.2.4   node07   <none>           <none>
nginx-test1-664f6969cd-r77qh   1/1     Running            0          4m7s    10.244.2.5   node07   <none>           <none>

删除pods

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                           READY   STATUS             RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-6799fc88d8-9q4jf         1/1     Running            0          13m   10.244.1.3   node06   <none>           <none>
nginx-test                     0/1     ImagePullBackOff   0          18m   10.244.1.2   node06   <none>           <none>
nginx-test1                    1/1     Running            0          17m   10.244.2.4   node07   <none>           <none>
nginx-test1-664f6969cd-r77qh   1/1     Running            0          11m   10.244.2.5   node07   <none>           <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pods nginx-test
pod "nginx-test" deleted

删除deployment（如果删除的pods为deployment方式创建，则删除pods后仍会新建一个pods，需要删除deployment）

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pods nginx-test1-664f6969cd-r77qh
pod "nginx-test1-664f6969cd-r77qh" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                           READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-6799fc88d8-9q4jf         1/1     Running             0          18m   10.244.1.3   node06   <none>           <none>
nginx-test1-664f6969cd-ldm2s   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          4s    <none>       node06   <none>           <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete deployment nginx-test1-664f6969cd-ldm2s
Error from server (NotFound): deployments.apps "nginx-test1-664f6969cd-ldm2s" not found
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete deployment nginx-test1
deployment.apps "nginx-test1" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-6799fc88d8-9q4jf   1/1     Running   0          20m

暴露服务

[root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx --name=nginx --port=80 --target-port=80 --protocol=TCP
service/nginx exposed

 svc_ip:svc_port =10.96.0.0/16  

[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1      <none>        443/TCP   12d
nginx        ClusterIP   10.99.62.108   <none>        80/TCP    6m51s

使用node06访问，能在节点访问，但是外部依旧无法访问

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP                NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
coredns-7f6cbbb7b8-cp9kh         1/1     Running   0          12d   10.244.2.2        node07   <none>           <none>
coredns-7f6cbbb7b8-z8fns         1/1     Running   0          12d   10.244.2.3        node07   <none>           <none>
etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0          12d   192.168.176.189   master   <none>           <none>
kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0          12d   192.168.176.189   master   <none>           <none>
kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0          12d   192.168.176.189   master   <none>           <none>
kube-flannel-ds-sdxhr            1/1     Running   0          12d   192.168.176.133   node07   <none>           <none>
kube-flannel-ds-wtd7s            1/1     Running   0          12d   192.168.176.193   node06   <none>           <none>
kube-flannel-ds-xz6f8            1/1     Running   0          12d   192.168.176.189   master   <none>           <none>
kube-proxy-gfjxf                 1/1     Running   0          12d   192.168.176.133   node07   <none>           <none>
kube-proxy-mlvjh                 1/1     Running   0          12d   192.168.176.189   master   <none>           <none>
kube-proxy-ztrfr                 1/1     Running   0          12d   192.168.176.193   node06   <none>           <none>
kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0          12d   192.168.176.189   master   <none>           <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
kube-dns   ClusterIP   10.96.0.10   <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   12d

获取nginx服务详细信息

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe svc nginx
Name:              nginx
Namespace:         default
Labels:            app=nginx
Annotations:       <none>
Selector:          app=nginx
Type:              ClusterIP
IP Family Policy:  SingleStack
IP Families:       IPv4
IP:                10.99.62.108
IPs:               10.99.62.108
Port:              <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:        80/TCP
Endpoints:         10.244.1.3:80
Session Affinity:  None
Events:            <none>

显示标签

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
client                   0/1     Error     0          19m   run=client
nginx-6799fc88d8-9q4jf   1/1     Running   0          63m   app=nginx,pod-template-hash=6799fc88d8

创建名为myapp的服务，并扩容/缩容

[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment myapp --image=ikubernetes/myapp:v1 
deployment.apps/myapp created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
client                   0/1     Error               0          48m
myapp-7d4b7b84b-ksd6d    0/1     ContainerCreating   0          18s
nginx-6799fc88d8-9q4jf   1/1     Running             0          92m
[root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment myapp --name=myapp --port=80
service/myapp exposed
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP   12d
myapp        ClusterIP   10.102.213.62   <none>        80/TCP    2s
nginx        ClusterIP   10.99.62.108    <none>        80/TCP    75m
[root@master ~]# kubectl scale --replicas=5 deployment myapp
deployment.apps/myapp scaled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
client                   0/1     Error     0          61m    10.244.2.6   node07   <none>           <none>
myapp-7d4b7b84b-6w5pb    1/1     Running   0          61s    10.244.1.6   node06   <none>           <none>
myapp-7d4b7b84b-bc4s9    1/1     Running   0          61s    10.244.1.5   node06   <none>           <none>
myapp-7d4b7b84b-hj6ng    1/1     Running   0          61s    10.244.2.8   node07   <none>           <none>
myapp-7d4b7b84b-ksd6d    1/1     Running   0          14m    10.244.2.7   node07   <none>           <none>
myapp-7d4b7b84b-l5vw4    1/1     Running   0          61s    10.244.2.9   node07   <none>           <none>
nginx-6799fc88d8-9q4jf   1/1     Running   0          105m   10.244.1.3   node06   <none>           <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl scale --replicas=2 deployment myapp
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
client                   0/1     Error     0          62m    10.244.2.6   node07   <none>           <none>
myapp-7d4b7b84b-6w5pb    1/1     Running   0          118s   10.244.1.6   node06   <none>           <none>
myapp-7d4b7b84b-bc4s9    1/1     Running   0          118s   10.244.1.5   node06   <none>           <none>
nginx-6799fc88d8-9q4jf   1/1     Running   0          106m   10.244.1.3   node06   <none>           <none>

灰度滚动更新

[root@master ~]# kubectl set image deployment myapp myapp=ikubernetes/myapp:v2
deployment.apps/myapp image updated
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout status deployment myapp
Waiting for deployment "myapp" rollout to finish: 2 out of 4 new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "myapp" rollout to finish: 2 out of 4 new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "myapp" rollout to finish: 2 out of 4 new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "myapp" rollout to finish: 2 out of 4 new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "myapp" rollout to finish: 2 out of 4 new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "myapp" rollout to finish: 3 out of 4 new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "myapp" rollout to finish: 3 out of 4 new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "myapp" rollout to finish: 3 out of 4 new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "myapp" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination...
Waiting for deployment "myapp" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination...
Waiting for deployment "myapp" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination...
Waiting for deployment "myapp" rollout to finish: 3 of 4 updated replicas are available...
deployment "myapp" successfully rolled out

外部访问方法

kubectl edit svc myapp
kubectl get svc
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP        12d
myapp        NodePort    10.102.213.62   <none>        80:31618/TCP   22m
nginx        ClusterIP   10.99.62.108    <none>        80/TCP         98m

查看某个pod的详细信息

 kubectl describe pods client

查看某个pod的日志

kubectl logs client

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