python编程:从入门到实践 第四章知识汇总 + 习题4-1~4-13

4-1 比萨:想出至少三种你喜欢的比萨,将其名称存储在一个列表中,再使用for 循环将每种比萨的名称都打印出来。

        修改这个for 循环,使其打印包含比萨名称的句子,而不仅仅是比萨的名称。对于每种比萨,都显示一行输出,如 “I like pepperoni pizza”
pizzas = ["chicken pizza", "Beef Pizza", "vegetable pizza"]
for pizza in pizzas:
    print("I like "+ pizza.title() + "!")
I like Chicken Pizza!
I like Beef Pizza!
I like Vegetable Pizza!
        在程序末尾添加一行代码,它不在for 循环中,指出你有多喜欢比萨。输出应包含针对每种比萨的消息,还有一个总结性句子,如 “I really love pizza!”
pizzas = ["chicken pizza", "Beef Pizza", "vegetable pizza"]
for pizza in pizzas:
    print("I like "+ pizza.title() + "!")
print("I really love pizza!")
I like Chicken Pizza!
I like Beef Pizza!
I like Vegetable Pizza!
I really love pizza!

4-2 动物: 想出至少三种有共同特征的动物,将这些动物的名称存储在一个列表中,再使用for 循环将每种动物的名称都打印出来。

        修改这个程序,使其针对每种动物都打印一个句子,如“Adogwould makea great pet”。         在程序末尾添加一行代码,指出这些动物的共同之处,如打印诸如“Any oftheseanimals would makea great pet!”这样的句子。

animals = ["cat", "dog", "pig"]
for animal in animals:
    print("A "+ animal.title() + " would make a great pet.")
print("Any of these animals would make a great pet!")
A Cat would make a great pet.
A Dog would make a great pet.
A Pig would make a great pet.
Any of these animals would make a great pet!

Process finished with exit code 0

4-3 数到20: 使用一个 for 循环打印数字 1~20 (含)。
for number in range(1,21):
    print(number, end=" ")
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 
Process finished with exit code 0

4-4 一百万: 创建一个列表,其中包含数字 1~1 000 000 ,再使用一个 for 循环将这些数字打印出来(如果输出的时间太长,按 Ctrl+ C 停止输出,或关闭输出窗口)。
numbers = list(range(1,1000001))
print(numbers)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ..., 1000000]

Process finished with exit code 0
4-5 计算1~1 000 000的总和: 创建一个列表,其中包含数字 1~1 000 000 ,再使用 min() max() 核实该列表确实是从 1 开始,到 1 000 000 结束的。另外,对这个列表
调用函数 sum() ,看看 Python 将一百万个数字相加需要多长时间。
numbers = list(range(1,1000001))
print(min(numbers),max(numbers))
print(sum(numbers))
1 1000000
500000500000

Process finished with exit code 0
4-6 奇数: 通过给函数 range() 指定第三个参数来创建一个列表,其中包含 1~20 的奇数;再使用一个 for 循环将这些数字都打印出来。
A = list(range(1, 21, 2))
for a in A:
    print(a, end=" ")
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 
Process finished with exit code 0
4-7 3的倍数: 创建一个列表,其中包含 3~30 内能被 3 整除的数字;再使用一个 for 循环将这个列表中的数字都打印出来。
A = list(range(3, 31, 3))
for a in A:
    print(a, end=" ")
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 

Process finished with exit code 0
4-8 立方: 将同一个数字乘三次称为立方。例如,在 Python 中, 2 的立方用 2**3 表示。请创建一个列表,其中包含前 10 个整数(即 1~10 )的立方,再使用一个 for
环将这些立方数都打印出来。
B = []
for b in range(1, 11):
    i = b**3
    B.append(i)
print(B)
[1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000]

Process finished with exit code 0

4-9 立方解析: 使用列表解析生成一个列表,其中包含前 10 个整数的立方。
C = [c**3 for c in range(1,11)]
print(C)
[1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000]

Process finished with exit code 0
4-10 切片: 选择你在本章编写的一个程序,在末尾添加几行代码,以完成如下任务。
        打印消息“Thefirst threeitems in thelistare:” ,再使用切片来打印列表的前三个元素。
        打印消息“Threeitems fromthe middle ofthelistare:” ,再使用切片来打印列表中间的三个元素。
        打印消息“Thelast threeitems in thelistare:” ,再使用切片来打印列表末尾的三个元素。
players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli']
print("The first three items in the list are :" )
print(players[0:3])
print("\nThree items from the middle of the list are:")
print(players[2:5])
print("\nThe last three items in the list are:")
print(players[-3:])
The first three items in the list are :
['charles', 'martina', 'michael']

Three items from the middle of the list are:
['michael', 'florence', 'eli']

The last three items in the list are:
['michael', 'florence', 'eli']

Process finished with exit code 0

4-11 你的比萨我的比萨: 在你为完成练习 4-1 而编写的程序中,创建比萨列表的副本,并将其存储到变量 friend_pizzas 中,再完成如下任务。 在原来的比萨列表中添加一种比萨。
        在列表friend_pizzas 中添加另一种比萨。
        核实你有两个不同的列表。为此,打印消息“My favorite pizzasare:” ,再使用一个 for 循环来打印第一个列表;打印消息 “My friend's favorite pizzasare:” ,再使用一 for 循环来打印第二个列表。核实新增的比萨被添加到了正确的列表中。
pizzas = ["chicken pizza", "Beef Pizza", "vegetable pizza"]
for pizza in pizzas:
    print("I like "+ pizza.title() + "!")

friend_pizzas = pizzas[:]
pizzas.append("susi")
friend_pizzas.append("juice")
print("\nMy favorite pizzas are:")
for pizza in pizzas:
    print(pizza)
print("\nMy friend's favorite pizzasare:")
for friend_pizza in friend_pizzas:
    print(friend_pizza)
I like Chicken Pizza!
I like Beef Pizza!
I like Vegetable Pizza!

My favorite pizzas are:
chicken pizza
Beef Pizza
vegetable pizza
susi

My friend's favorite pizzasare:
chicken pizza
Beef Pizza
vegetable pizza
juice

Process finished with exit code 0
4-12 使用多个循环: 在本节中,为节省篇幅,程序 foods.py 的每个版本都没有使用 for 循环来打印列表。请选择一个版本的 foods.py ,在其中编写两个 for 循环,将各
个食品列表都打印出来。
my_foods = ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake']
friend_foods = my_foods[:]
print("My favorite foods are:")
for my_food in my_foods:
    print(my_food)
print("\nMy friend's favorite foods are:")
for friend_food in friend_foods:
    print(friend_food)
My favorite foods are:
pizza
falafel
carrot cake

My friend's favorite foods are:
pizza
falafel
carrot cake

Process finished with exit code 0
4-13 自助餐: 有一家自助式餐馆,只提供五种简单的食品。请想出五种简单的食品,并将其存储在一个元组中。
        使用一个for 循环将该餐馆提供的五种食品都打印出来。
        尝试修改其中的一个元素,核实Python 确实会拒绝你这样做。
        餐馆调整了菜单,替换了它提供的其中两种食品。请编写一个这样的代码块:给元组变量赋值,并使用一个for 循环将新元组的每个元素都打印出来。
foods = ("apple", "banana", "susi", "orange", "juice")
for food in foods:
    print(food)
# food[0] = "fish" 提示错误

foods = ("fish", "beef", "susi", "orange", "juice")
for food in foods:
    print(food)
apple
banana
susi
orange
juice
fish
beef
susi
orange
juice

Process finished with exit code 0

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