4-1 比萨:想出至少三种你喜欢的比萨,将其名称存储在一个列表中,再使用for 循环将每种比萨的名称都打印出来。
修改这个for
循环,使其打印包含比萨名称的句子,而不仅仅是比萨的名称。对于每种比萨,都显示一行输出,如
“I like pepperoni pizza”
。
pizzas = ["chicken pizza", "Beef Pizza", "vegetable pizza"]
for pizza in pizzas:
print("I like "+ pizza.title() + "!")
I like Chicken Pizza!
I like Beef Pizza!
I like Vegetable Pizza!
在程序末尾添加一行代码,它不在for
循环中,指出你有多喜欢比萨。输出应包含针对每种比萨的消息,还有一个总结性句子,如
“I really love pizza!”
。
pizzas = ["chicken pizza", "Beef Pizza", "vegetable pizza"]
for pizza in pizzas:
print("I like "+ pizza.title() + "!")
print("I really love pizza!")
I like Chicken Pizza!
I like Beef Pizza!
I like Vegetable Pizza!
I really love pizza!
4-2 动物:
想出至少三种有共同特征的动物,将这些动物的名称存储在一个列表中,再使用for 循环将每种动物的名称都打印出来。
修改这个程序,使其针对每种动物都打印一个句子,如“Adogwould makea great pet”。 在程序末尾添加一行代码,指出这些动物的共同之处,如打印诸如“Any oftheseanimals would makea great pet!”这样的句子。
animals = ["cat", "dog", "pig"]
for animal in animals:
print("A "+ animal.title() + " would make a great pet.")
print("Any of these animals would make a great pet!")
A Cat would make a great pet.
A Dog would make a great pet.
A Pig would make a great pet.
Any of these animals would make a great pet!
Process finished with exit code 0
4-3 数到20:
使用一个
for
循环打印数字
1~20
(含)。
for number in range(1,21):
print(number, end=" ")
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Process finished with exit code 0
4-4 一百万:
创建一个列表,其中包含数字
1~1 000 000
,再使用一个
for
循环将这些数字打印出来(如果输出的时间太长,按
Ctrl+ C
停止输出,或关闭输出窗口)。
numbers = list(range(1,1000001))
print(numbers)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ..., 1000000]
Process finished with exit code 0
4-5 计算1~1 000 000的总和:
创建一个列表,其中包含数字
1~1 000 000
,再使用
min()
和
max()
核实该列表确实是从
1
开始,到
1 000 000
结束的。另外,对这个列表
调用函数
sum()
,看看
Python
将一百万个数字相加需要多长时间。
numbers = list(range(1,1000001))
print(min(numbers),max(numbers))
print(sum(numbers))
1 1000000
500000500000
Process finished with exit code 0
4-6 奇数:
通过给函数
range()
指定第三个参数来创建一个列表,其中包含
1~20
的奇数;再使用一个
for
循环将这些数字都打印出来。
A = list(range(1, 21, 2))
for a in A:
print(a, end=" ")
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
Process finished with exit code 0
4-7 3的倍数:
创建一个列表,其中包含
3~30
内能被
3
整除的数字;再使用一个
for
循环将这个列表中的数字都打印出来。
A = list(range(3, 31, 3))
for a in A:
print(a, end=" ")
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
Process finished with exit code 0
4-8 立方:
将同一个数字乘三次称为立方。例如,在
Python
中,
2
的立方用
2**3
表示。请创建一个列表,其中包含前
10
个整数(即
1~10
)的立方,再使用一个
for
循
环将这些立方数都打印出来。
B = []
for b in range(1, 11):
i = b**3
B.append(i)
print(B)
[1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000]
Process finished with exit code 0
4-9 立方解析:
使用列表解析生成一个列表,其中包含前
10
个整数的立方。
C = [c**3 for c in range(1,11)]
print(C)
[1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000]
Process finished with exit code 0
4-10 切片:
选择你在本章编写的一个程序,在末尾添加几行代码,以完成如下任务。
打印消息“Thefirst threeitems in thelistare:”
,再使用切片来打印列表的前三个元素。
打印消息“Threeitems fromthe middle ofthelistare:”
,再使用切片来打印列表中间的三个元素。
打印消息“Thelast threeitems in thelistare:”
,再使用切片来打印列表末尾的三个元素。
players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli']
print("The first three items in the list are :" )
print(players[0:3])
print("\nThree items from the middle of the list are:")
print(players[2:5])
print("\nThe last three items in the list are:")
print(players[-3:])
The first three items in the list are :
['charles', 'martina', 'michael']
Three items from the middle of the list are:
['michael', 'florence', 'eli']
The last three items in the list are:
['michael', 'florence', 'eli']
Process finished with exit code 0
4-11 你的比萨我的比萨:
在你为完成练习
4-1
而编写的程序中,创建比萨列表的副本,并将其存储到变量
friend_pizzas
中,再完成如下任务。
在原来的比萨列表中添加一种比萨。
在列表friend_pizzas
中添加另一种比萨。
核实你有两个不同的列表。为此,打印消息“My favorite pizzasare:”
,再使用一个
for
循环来打印第一个列表;打印消息
“My friend's favorite pizzasare:”
,再使用一
个
for
循环来打印第二个列表。核实新增的比萨被添加到了正确的列表中。
pizzas = ["chicken pizza", "Beef Pizza", "vegetable pizza"]
for pizza in pizzas:
print("I like "+ pizza.title() + "!")
friend_pizzas = pizzas[:]
pizzas.append("susi")
friend_pizzas.append("juice")
print("\nMy favorite pizzas are:")
for pizza in pizzas:
print(pizza)
print("\nMy friend's favorite pizzasare:")
for friend_pizza in friend_pizzas:
print(friend_pizza)
I like Chicken Pizza!
I like Beef Pizza!
I like Vegetable Pizza!
My favorite pizzas are:
chicken pizza
Beef Pizza
vegetable pizza
susi
My friend's favorite pizzasare:
chicken pizza
Beef Pizza
vegetable pizza
juice
Process finished with exit code 0
4-12 使用多个循环:
在本节中,为节省篇幅,程序
foods.py
的每个版本都没有使用
for
循环来打印列表。请选择一个版本的
foods.py
,在其中编写两个
for
循环,将各
个食品列表都打印出来。
my_foods = ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake']
friend_foods = my_foods[:]
print("My favorite foods are:")
for my_food in my_foods:
print(my_food)
print("\nMy friend's favorite foods are:")
for friend_food in friend_foods:
print(friend_food)
My favorite foods are:
pizza
falafel
carrot cake
My friend's favorite foods are:
pizza
falafel
carrot cake
Process finished with exit code 0
4-13 自助餐:
有一家自助式餐馆,只提供五种简单的食品。请想出五种简单的食品,并将其存储在一个元组中。
使用一个for
循环将该餐馆提供的五种食品都打印出来。
尝试修改其中的一个元素,核实Python
确实会拒绝你这样做。
餐馆调整了菜单,替换了它提供的其中两种食品。请编写一个这样的代码块:给元组变量赋值,并使用一个for
循环将新元组的每个元素都打印出来。
foods = ("apple", "banana", "susi", "orange", "juice")
for food in foods:
print(food)
# food[0] = "fish" 提示错误
foods = ("fish", "beef", "susi", "orange", "juice")
for food in foods:
print(food)
apple
banana
susi
orange
juice
fish
beef
susi
orange
juice
Process finished with exit code 0