SaltStack配置管理
文章目录
1. YAML语言
YAML
是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式,是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读,容易和脚本语言交互,用来表达资料序列的编程语言。
它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言,语法比XML简单很多。
YAML
语言的格式如下:
house:
family:
name: Doe
parents:
- John
- Jane
children:
- Paul
- Mark
- Simone
address:
number: 12
street: Main Street
city: Nowheretown
zipcode: 486254
YAML的基本规则:
- 使用缩进来表示层级关系,每层2个空格,禁止使用TAB键
- 当冒号不是处于最后时,冒号后面必须有一个空格
- 用 - 表示列表,- 的后面必须有一个空格
- 用 # 表示注释
YAML
配置文件要放到SaltStack
让我们放的位置,可以在SaltStack
的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots
即可看到。
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
......
667 file_roots:
668 base:
669 - /srv/salt/base
670 dev:
671 - /srv/salt/dev
672 prod:
673 - /srv/salt/prod
674 test:
675 - /srv/salt/test
......
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,dev,prod,test}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
|-- base # 基础环境
|-- dev # 开发环境
|-- prod # 生产环境
`-- test # 测试环境
systemctl restart salt-master
需要注意:
- base是默认的位置,如果file_roots只有一个,则base是必备的且必须叫base,不能改名
2. 使用Saltstack配置一个apache实例
在master上部署sls(状态文件)配置文件并执行
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# mkdir -p web/apache
[root@master base]# tree
.
`-- web
`-- apache
[root@master base]# vim web/apache/install.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed: # 安装apache
- name: httpd
apache-service:
service.running: # 启动apache
- name: httpd
- enable: True
# YAML 配置文件中顶格写的被称作ID,必须全局唯一,不能重复
# SaltStack 读 YAML 配置文件时是从上往下读,所以要把先执行的写在前面
# 查看node1受控制机上是否安装httpd
[root@node1 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@node1 ~]# rpm -qa |grep httpd
# master上查看目录结构
[root@master base]# tree /srv/salt/base/
/srv/salt/base/
`-- web
`-- apache
`-- install.sls # 执行此文件
2 directories, 1 file
[root@master base]# pwd
/srv/salt/base
[root@master base]# salt 'node1' state.sls web.apache.install # 执行
node1:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
Started: 02:44:16.206278
Duration: 16168.849 ms
Changes:
----------
apr:
----------
new:
1.6.3-12.el8
old:
apr-util:
----------
new:
1.6.1-6.el8
old:
apr-util-bdb:
----------
new:
1.6.1-6.el8
old:
apr-util-openssl:
----------
new:
1.6.1-6.el8
old:
centos-logos-httpd:
----------
new:
85.8-1.el8
old:
httpd:
----------
new:
2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
old:
httpd-filesystem:
----------
new:
2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
old:
httpd-tools:
----------
new:
2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b
old:
mailcap:
----------
new:
2.1.48-3.el8
old:
mod_http2:
----------
new:
1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab
old:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
Started: 02:44:32.384176
Duration: 286.809 ms
Changes:
----------
httpd:
True
Summary for node1
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 16.456 s
2.1 在受控制机node1查看安装情况
[root@node1 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@node1 ~]# rpm -qa |grep httpd
centos-logos-httpd-85.8-1.el8.noarch
httpd-2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b.x86_64
httpd-tools-2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b.x86_64
httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-40.module_el8.5.0+852+0aafc63b.noarch
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor prese>
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 02:44:32 EDT; 1min 23s ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Main PID: 564377 (httpd)
Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
Tasks: 213 (limit: 11201)
Memory: 25.1M
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─564377 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─564407 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
由以上内容可知apache确实已部署成功。
执行状态文件的技巧:
- 先用test.ping测试需要执行状态文件的主机是否能正常通信,然后再执行状态文件
3. top file
3.1 top file 简介:
直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗?答案是否定的,因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务,自动化应该是我们让它干活时,它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活,但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的,为了解决这个问题,top file 应运而生。
top file就是一个入口,top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出,且此文件必须在 base 环境中,默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。
top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活,比如让web服务器启动web服务,让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。
3.2 top file 示例:
# master上操作
[root@master base]# pwd
/srv/salt/base
[root@master base]# vim top.sls
base: # 要执行状态文件的环境
'node1': # 要执行状态文件的目标
- web.apache.install # 要执行的状态文件
# 停掉node1的httpd
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl stop httpd
# 使用高级状态来执行
[root@master base]# salt '*' state.highstate saltenv=base # saltenv=base是指定环境
master:
----------
ID: states
Function: no.None
Result: False
Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details. # 在top file里没定义master要做的事,所以是正常的
Changes:
Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed: 1
------------
Total states run: 1
Total run time: 0.000 ms
node1:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 02:59:39.039787
Duration: 575.097 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: The service httpd is already running
Started: 02:59:39.616343
Duration: 33.149 ms
Changes:
Summary for node1
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 608.246 ms
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code
# 查看受控主机的node1 的 httpd状态
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor prese>
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 02:57:38 EDT; 4min 41s ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Main PID: 589027 (httpd)
Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
Tasks: 213 (limit: 11201)
Memory: 25.3M
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─589027 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─589035 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
注意:
若top file里面的目标是用 * 表示的,要注意的是,top file里面的 * 表示的是所有要执行状态的目标,而
salt '*' state.highstate
里面的 * 表示通知所有机器干活,而是否要干活则是由top file来指定的
4. 高级状态highstate的使用
管理SaltStack
时一般最常用的管理操作就是执行高级状态
[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate # 生产环境禁止这样使用salt命令
注意:
上面让所有人执行高级状态,但实际工作当中,一般不会这么用,工作当中一般都是通知某台或某些台目标主机来执行高级状态,具体是否执行则是由top file来决定的。
若在执行高级状态时加上参数test=True
,则它会告诉我们它将会做什么,但是它不会真的去执行这个操作。
# 停掉node1上的httpd服务
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor prese>
Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2021-11-02 03:34:57 EDT; 1min 5s ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Process: 648057 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited,>
Main PID: 648057 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
Nov 02 03:27:41 node1 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Nov 02 03:27:41 node1 httpd[648057]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determi>
Nov 02 03:27:41 node1 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
# 在master上执行高级状态的测试
[root@master base]# salt 'node1' state.highstate test=True
node1:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 03:37:52.157449
Duration: 612.26 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: None
Comment: Service httpd is set to start # 将会启动httpd
Started: 03:37:52.771197
Duration: 36.951 ms
Changes:
Summary for node1
------------
Succeeded: 2 (unchanged=1)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 649.211 ms
# 在node1上查看httpd是否启动,由此可见高级状态并没有执行,因为httpd并没有启动
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor prese>
Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2021-11-02 03:34:57 EDT; 5min ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Process: 648057 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited,>
Main PID: 648057 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
Nov 02 03:27:41 node1 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Nov 02 03:27:41 node1 httpd[648057]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determi>
Nov 02 03:27:41 node1 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.