SaltStack数据系统

Aqiu.

于 2021-11-02 19:06:00 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_60072944/article/details/121106809

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SaltStack数据系统

文章目录

- SaltStack数据系统

1. SaltStack数据系统

SaltStack有两大数据系统，分别是：

Grains
Pillar

2. SaltStack数据系统组件

2.1 SaltStack组件之Grains

Grains是SaltStack的一个组件，其存放着minion启动时收集到的信息。(类似于ansible的事实)

Grains是SaltStack组件中非常重要的组件之一，因为我们在做配置部署的过程中会经常使用它，Grains是SaltStack记录minion的一些静态信息的组件。可简单理解为Grains记录着每台minion的一些常用属性，比如CPU、内存、磁盘、网络信息等。我们可以通过grains.items查看某台minion的所有Grains信息。

Grains的功能：

收集资产信息

Grains应用场景：

信息查询
在命令行下进行目标匹配
在top file中进行目标匹配
在模板中进行目标匹配

模板中进行目标匹配请看：https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/pillar/

信息查询实例：

# 列出所有信息
[root@master base]# salt 'node1' grains.items
node1:
    ----------
    biosreleasedate:  # bios时间
        07/22/2020
    biosversion:      # bios版本
        6.00
    cpu_flags:        # cpu相关属性
        - fpu
        - vme
        - de
        - pse
        - tsc
        - msr
        - pae
        - mce
        - cx8
        - apic
        - sep
        - mtrr
        - pge
        - mca
        - cmov
        - pat
        - pse36
        - clflush
        - mmx
        - fxsr
        - sse
        - sse2
        - ss
        - ht
        - syscall
        - nx
        - pdpe1gb
        - rdtscp
        - lm
        - constant_tsc
        - arch_perfmon
        - nopl
        - xtopology
        - tsc_reliable
        - nonstop_tsc
        - cpuid
        - pni
        - pclmulqdq
        - vmx
        - ssse3
        - fma
        - cx16
        - pcid
        - sse4_1
        - sse4_2
        - x2apic
        - movbe
        - popcnt
        - tsc_deadline_timer
        - aes
        - xsave
        - avx
        - f16c
        - rdrand
        - hypervisor
        - lahf_lm
        - abm
        - 3dnowprefetch
        - cpuid_fault
        - invpcid_single
        - ssbd
        - ibrs
        - ibpb
        - stibp
        - ibrs_enhanced
        - tpr_shadow
        - vnmi
        - ept
        - vpid
        - ept_ad
        - fsgsbase
        - tsc_adjust
        - bmi1
        - avx2
        - smep
        - bmi2
        - invpcid
        - rdseed
        - adx
        - smap
        - clflushopt
        - xsaveopt
        - xsavec
        - xgetbv1
        - xsaves
        - arat
        - pku
        - ospke
        - md_clear
        - flush_l1d
        - arch_capabilities
    cpu_model:                # CPU具体型号
        Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-10300H CPU @ 2.50GHz
    cpuarch:　　　　　　　　　　　＃CPU架构
        x86_64
    cwd:
        /
    disks:
        - sr0
        - sda
    dns:
        ----------
        domain:
        ip4_nameservers:
            - 114.114.114.114
            - 8.8.8.8
        ip6_nameservers:
        nameservers:
            - 114.114.114.114
            - 8.8.8.8
        options:
        search:
        sortlist:
    domain:
    efi:
        False
    efi-secure-boot:
        False
    fqdn:
        node1
    fqdn_ip4:          # IP地址
        - 192.168.220.10
    fqdn_ip6:
        - fe80::2166:5bdf:402b:32c9
    fqdns:
        - node1
    gid:
        0
    gpus:
        |_
          ----------
          model:
              SVGA II Adapter
          vendor:
              vmware
    groupname:
        root
    host:               # 主机名
        node1
    hwaddr_interfaces:
        ----------
        ens33:
            00:0c:29:05:72:c7
        lo:
            00:00:00:00:00:00
    id:
        node1
    init:
        systemd
    ip4_gw:
        192.168.220.2
    ip4_interfaces:
        ----------
        ens33:
            - 192.168.220.10
        lo:
            - 127.0.0.1
    ip6_gw:
        False
    ip6_interfaces:
        ----------
        ens33:
            - fe80::2166:5bdf:402b:32c9
        lo:
            - ::1
    ip_gw:
        True
    ip_interfaces:
        ----------
        ens33:
            - 192.168.220.10
            - fe80::2166:5bdf:402b:32c9
        lo:
            - 127.0.0.1
            - ::1
    ipv4:
        - 127.0.0.1
        - 192.168.220.10
    ipv6:
        - ::1
        - fe80::2166:5bdf:402b:32c9
    kernel:
        Linux
    kernelparams:
        |_
          - BOOT_IMAGE
          - (hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
        |_
          - root
          - /dev/mapper/cs-root
        |_
          - ro
          - None
        |_
          - crashkernel
          - auto
        |_
          - resume
          - /dev/mapper/cs-swap
        |_
          - rd.lvm.lv
          - cs/root
        |_
          - rd.lvm.lv
          - cs/swap
        |_
          - rhgb
          - None
        |_
          - quiet
          - None
    kernelrelease:
        4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
    kernelversion:
        #1 SMP Thu Dec 3 22:16:23 UTC 2020
    locale_info:
        ----------
        defaultencoding:
            UTF-8
        defaultlanguage:
            en_US
        detectedencoding:
            UTF-8
        timezone:
            EDT
    localhost:
        node1
    lsb_distrib_codename:
        CentOS Stream 8
    lsb_distrib_id:
        CentOS Stream
    lsb_distrib_release:
        8
    lvm:
        ----------
        cs:
            - root
            - swap
    machine_id:
        efed383c88dc451dba7b1ab7fb42b345
    manufacturer:
        VMware, Inc.
    master:
        192.168.220.9
    mdadm:
    mem_total:
        1789
    nodename:
        node1
    num_cpus:
        2
    num_gpus:
        1
    os:               # 系统
        CentOS Stream
    os_family:
        RedHat
    osarch:
        x86_64
    oscodename:
        CentOS Stream 8
    osfinger:
        CentOS Stream-8
    osfullname:
        CentOS Stream
    osmajorrelease:
        8
    osrelease:
        8
    osrelease_info:
        - 8
    path:
        /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
    pid:
        552906
    productname:
        VMware Virtual Platform
    ps:
        ps -efHww
    pythonexecutable:
        /usr/bin/python3.6
    pythonpath:
        - /usr/bin
        - /usr/lib64/python36.zip
        - /usr/lib64/python3.6
        - /usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload
        - /usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages
        - /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages
    pythonversion:
        - 3
        - 6
        - 8
        - final
        - 0
    saltpath:
        /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/salt
    saltversion:
        3004
    saltversioninfo:
        - 3004
    selinux:
        ----------
        enabled:
            False
        enforced:
            Disabled
    serialnumber:
        VMware-56 4d 00 67 0e ae 3d fd-67 5a ca 68 9a 05 72 c7
    server_id:
        1797241226
    shell:
        /bin/sh
    ssds:
    swap_total:
        2047
    systemd:
        ----------
        features:
            +PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA -APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN2 -IDN +PCRE2 default-hierarchy=legacy
        version:
            239
    systempath:
        - /usr/local/sbin
        - /usr/local/bin
        - /usr/sbin
        - /usr/bin
    transactional:
        False
    uid:
        0
    username:
        root
    uuid:
        67004d56-ae0e-fd3d-675a-ca689a0572c7
    virtual:
        VMware
    zfs_feature_flags:
        False
    zfs_support:
        False
    zmqversion:
        4.3.4
        
# 只查询所有的grains的key,而不查看具体的值
[root@master base]# salt 'node1' grains.ls
node1:
    - biosreleasedate
    - biosversion
    - cpu_flags
    - cpu_model
    - cpuarch
    - cwd
    - disks
    - dns
    - domain
    - efi
    - efi-secure-boot
    - fqdn
    - fqdn_ip4
    - fqdn_ip6
    - fqdns
    - gid
    - gpus
    - groupname
    - host
    - hwaddr_interfaces
    - id
    - init
    - ip4_gw
    - ip4_interfaces
    - ip6_gw
    - ip6_interfaces
    - ip_gw
    - ip_interfaces
    - ipv4
    - ipv6
    - kernel
    - kernelparams
    - kernelrelease
    - kernelversion
    - locale_info
    - localhost
    - lsb_distrib_codename
    - lsb_distrib_id
    - lsb_distrib_release
    - lvm
    - machine_id
    - manufacturer
    - master
    - mdadm
    - mem_total
    - nodename
    - num_cpus
    - num_gpus
    - os
    - os_family
    - osarch
    - oscodename
    - osfinger
    - osfullname
    - osmajorrelease
    - osrelease
    - osrelease_info
    - path
    - pid
    - productname
    - ps
    - pythonexecutable
    - pythonpath
    - pythonversion
    - saltpath
    - saltversion
    - saltversioninfo
    - selinux
    - serialnumber
    - server_id
    - shell
    - ssds
    - swap_total
    - systemd
    - systempath
    - transactional
    - uid
    - username
    - uuid
    - virtual
    - zfs_feature_flags
    - zfs_support
    - zmqversion

# 获取IP地址
[root@master base]# salt 'node1' grains.get fqdn_ip4
node1:
    - 192.168.220.10
    
    
[root@master base]# salt 'node1' grains.get ip4_interfaces
node1:
    ----------
    ens33:
        - 192.168.220.10
    lo:
        - 127.0.0.1
        
[root@master base]# salt 'node1' grains.get ip4_interfaces:ens33
node1:
    - 192.168.220.10

目标匹配示例

用Grains来匹配minion：

# 在所有CentOS Stream 系统执行命令查看时间
[root@master base]# salt -G 'os:CentOS Stream' cmd.run 'date'
node1:
    Tue Nov  2 03:59:22 EDT 2021
master:
    Tue Nov  2 03:59:22 EDT 2021

在 top file里面使用Grains

[root@master base]# vim top.sls
base:
  'os:CentOS Stream':
    - match: grain        # match 匹配grain
    - web.apache.install
    
    
 # 执行
 [root@master base]# salt -G 'os:CentOS Stream' state.highstate

自定义Grains的两种方法：

minion配置文件，在配置文件中搜索grains
在/etc/salt下生成一个grains文件，在此文件中定义(推荐方式)

第一种：

# node1上修改配置文件
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
.......
137 grains:
138    roles:
139      linux
.......
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion

# master上查看
[root@master base]# salt 'node1' grains.get roles
node1:
    linux

第二种：

# 在master端的/etc/salt/下生成一个grains文件，在此文件中定义，然后那台被控制机需要就传过去
[root@master base]# cd /etc/salt/
[root@master salt]# ls
cloud           cloud.maps.d       master    minion.d   proxy
cloud.conf.d    cloud.profiles.d   master.d  minion_id  proxy.d
cloud.deploy.d  cloud.providers.d  minion    pki        roster
[root@master salt]# vim grains
LOOKP:
  lpgfdg

# 不重启服务的情况下同步
[root@master salt]# salt '*' saltutil.sync_grains
node1:
master:

# 查看
[root@master salt]# salt 'master' grains.get LOOKP
master:
    lpgfdg
    
# 比如我们传到node1上
[root@master salt]# scp grains 192.168.220.10:/etc/salt/
The authenticity of host '192.168.220.10 (192.168.220.10)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ZeQy7MqiTiEdnowRrum5zEWROx4LRrsYwdL8dvgx6N0.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.220.10' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.220.10's password: 
grains                                        100%   16    31.5KB/s   00:00

# 同步并查看
[root@master salt]# salt 'node1' saltutil.sync_grains
node1:

[root@master salt]# salt 'node1' grains.get LOOKP
node1:
    lpgfdg

2.2 SaltStack组件之Pillar

Pillar也是SaltStack组件中非常重要的组件之一，是数据管理中心，**经常配置states在大规模的配置管理工作中使用它。**Pillar在SaltStack中主要的作用就是存储和定义配置管理中需要的一些数据，比如软件版本号、用户名密码等信息，它的定义存储格式与Grains类似，都是YAML格式。

在Master配置文件中有一段Pillar settings选项专门定义Pillar相关的一些参数：

[root@master salt]# vim /etc/salt/master
......
851 pillar_roots:
852  base:
853    - /srv/salt/pillar/base
......
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/pillar/base

[root@master ~]# ls /srv/salt
base  dev  pillar  prod  test

[root@master ~]# ls /srv/salt/pillar/
base

[root@master salt]# systemctl restart salt-master

默认Base环境下Pillar的工作目录在/srv/pillar目录下。若你想定义多个环境不同的Pillar工作目录，只需要修改此处配置文件即可。

Pillar的特点：

可以给指定的minion定义它需要的数据
只有指定的人才能看到定义的数据
在master配置文件里设置

# 查看pillar的信息
[root@master salt]# salt '*' pillar.items
master:
    ----------
node1:
    ----------

默认pillar是没有任何信息的，如果想查看信息，需要在 master 配置文件上把 pillar_opts的注释取消，并将其值设为 True。

[root@master salt]# vim /etc/salt/master
......
900 # master config file that can then be used on minions.
901 pillar_opts: True  # 取消注释，改为True
......


[root@master salt]# systemctl restart salt-master
[root@master salt]# salt '*' pillar.items
......
        winrepo_passphrase:
        winrepo_password:
        winrepo_privkey:
        winrepo_pubkey:
     winrepo_refspecs:
            - +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
            - +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
        winrepo_remotes:
            - https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo.git
        winrepo_remotes_ng:
            - https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo-ng.git
        winrepo_ssl_verify:
            True
        winrepo_user:
        worker_threads:
            5
        zmq_backlog:
            1000
        zmq_filtering:
            False
        zmq_monitor:
            False

2.3 pillar自定义数据

在master的配置文件里找pillar_roots可以看到其存放pillar的位置

[root@master salt]# vim /etc/salt/master
......
 851 pillar_roots:
 852   base:
 853     - /srv/salt/pillar/base
 854   prod:
 855     - /srv/salt/pillar/prod
 ......
 
[root@master salt]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/pillar/prod 
[root@master salt]# systemctl restart salt-master



[root@master salt]# cd /srv/salt/pillar/base
[root@master base]# ls
[root@master base]# vim apache.sls
{% if grains['os'] == 'CentOS Stream' %}  # 系统为CentOS Stream的可以
apache: httpd
{% elif grains['os'] == 'Debian' %}
apache: apache2
{% endif %}

[root@master base]# vim top.sls
[root@master base]# cat top.sls 
base:
  'node1':   # 只能让node1能够看到和执行/srv/salt/pillar/base/apache.sls文件
    - apache
   
[root@master salt]# salt '*' pillar.items
node1:
    ----------
    apache:
        httpd
master:
    ----------
  
# 修改apache的状态文件，引用pillar的数据
[root@master base]# vim /srv/salt/base/web/apache/install.sls  
apache-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: {{ pillar['apache'] }}

apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: {{ pillar['apache']}}
    - enable: True
    
# 执行高级状态
[root@master salt]# salt '*' state.highstate
master:               # master不能看到也不能执行
    Data failed to compile:
----------
    Rendering SLS 'base:web.apache.install' failed: Jinja variable 'salt.utils.context.NamespacedDictWrapper object' has no attribute 'apache'
node1:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 05:36:33.911887
    Duration: 640.768 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: The service httpd is already running
     Started: 05:36:34.554109
    Duration: 37.839 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for node1
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 678.607 ms
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code

2.4 Grains与Pillar的区别

	存储位置	类型	采集方式	应用场景
Grains	minion	静态	minion启动时采集可通过刷新避免重启minion服务	1.信息查询 2.在命令行下进行目标匹配 3.在top file中进行目标匹配 4.在模板中进行目标匹配
Pillar	master	动态	指定，实时生效	1.目标匹配 2.敏感数据配置