CI/CD:持续集成/持续部署

咸鱼派大星

已于 2024-05-27 14:04:35 修改

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文章标签： kubernetes 容器云原生

于 2024-05-27 13:57:11 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_60169980/article/details/139236027

版权

1. 安装docker、docker-compose

# 安装Docker
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum makecache fast
yum -y install docker-ce
systemctl enable docker --now

安装Docker Compose

下载地址：GitHub - docker/compose: Define and run multi-container applications with Docker

# 安装Docker Compose
wget https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.26.0/docker-compose-linux-x86_64
mv docker-compose-linux-x86_64 
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

2. GitLab部署

2.1. gitlab部署

GitLab的部署方式有很多，这里使用docker来部署GitLab，docker-compose.yml文件位置如下：

version: '3.6'
services:
  gitlab:
    image: gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest
    container_name: gitlab
    restart: always
    environment:
      GITLAB_OMNIBUS_CONFIG: |
        external_url 'http://10.10.10.11:80'
        gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_ssh_prot'] = 22
    ports:
      - '80:80'
      - '443:443'
      - '2224:22'
    volumes:
      - './config:/etc/gitlab'
      - './logs:/var/log/gitlab'
      - './data:/var/opt/gitlab'

启动gitlab

docker-compose -f /home/gitlab/docker-compose.yml up -d

# 查看日志输出完毕即可通过浏览器访问
docker logs -f gitlab

# 查看密码
docker exec -it gitlab bash
cat /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password

2.2. 修改密码

修改密码:点击头像选择Preferences->Password->Save changes

2.3. 修改语言

修改语言:点击头像选择Preferences->Localization->Language选项中选择Chinese->Save changes

2.4. 关闭注册功能

关闭注册功能：点击Menu->Admin->Settings->找到Sign-up restrictions点击Expand->取消勾选Sign-up enabled->Save changes

3. Harbor部署

3.1. harbor部署

官网：Harbor

下载地址：GitHub - goharbor/harbor: An open source trusted cloud native registry project that stores, signs, and scans content.

# 下载Harbor安装程序
wget https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/download/v2.10.2/harbor-offline-installer-v2.10.2.tgz
tar -zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v2.10.2.tgz
mv harbor /usr/local

# 修改配置文件
cd /usr/local/harbor/
cp harbor.yml.tmpl harbor.yml
vim harbor.yml

# 开始安装
./prepare
./install.sh
# Harbor安装完成之后通过docker-compose来管理
docker-compose ps

4. Jenkins部署

4.1. jenkins部署

Jenkins的dokcer-compose文件如下：

version: "3.6"
services:
  jenkins:
    image: jenkins/jenkins:2.414.3-lts
    container_name: jenkins
    restart: always
    privileged: true
    user: root
    environment:
      TZ: 'Asia/Shanghai'
    ports:
      - 8080:8080
      - 50000:50000
    volumes:
      - ./data:/var/jenkins_home
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
      - /usr/bin/docker:/usr/bin/docker
      - /etc/docker/daemon.json:/etc/docker/daemon.json

启动jenkins

docker-compose -f /home/jenkins/docker-compose.yml up -d

# 查看密码
docker logs -f jenkins

4.2. 修改国内插件下载地址：

# 修改插件下载地址
cd /home/jenkins/data/updates
sed -i 's/https:\/\/updates.jenkins.io\/download/https:\/\/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/jenkins/g' default.json #适用于新版本。
sudo sed -i 's/https:\/\/www.google.com/https:\/\/www.baidu.com/g' default.json
docker-compose -f /home/jenkins/docker-compose.yml  restart

4.3. 插件安装

插件安装：点击Manage Jenkins->Plugins->Available plugins

# 安装如下插件：
Git Parameter
Publish Over SSH
SonarQube Scanner
Pipeline
Pipeline Stage View
Chinese

4.4. 配置全局环境JDK和Maven

JDK下载地址：Java Archive Downloads - Java SE 8u211 and later

Maven下载地址：Maven – Welcome to Apache Maven

将下载的安装包上传到服务器。

tar -zxvf jdk-8u381-linux-x64.tar.gz -C 
tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.9.6-bin.tar.gz 
mv jdk1.8.0_381/ /home/jenkins/data/jdk
mv apache-maven-3.9.6 /home/jenkins/data/maven

# 配置maven私服地址
cd /usr/local/maven
vim conf/settings.xml
# 在mirrors节点下面添加子节点
--------------------------------------
<mirror>
    <id>nexus-aliyun</id>
    <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
    <name>Nexus aliyun</name>
    <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
</mirror>

# 配置jdk8编译插件
<profile>    
            <id>jdk8</id>    
            <activation>    
               <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>    
               <jdk>1.8</jdk>    
            </activation>    
            <properties>    
                    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>    
                    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>    
                    <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>    
                </properties>    
        </profile>

   <activeProfiles>
     <activeProfile>jdk8</activeProfile>
     <activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
   </activeProfiles>

配置完成之后进入jenkinsWEB界面点击Manage Jenkins->Tools->JDK installations和Maven installations，分别加入JDK路径和Maven路径

4.5. Jenkins容器内部使用docker

将宿主机/var/run/docker.sock文件映射给jenkins容器并赋予权限，重启jinkins容器

chown root:root /var/run/docker.sock
chmod o+rw /var/run/docker.sock
docker-compose -f /home/jenkins/docker-compose.yml  up -d

5. SonarQube部署

官网：Download | SonarQube | Sonar

version: "3.6"
services:
  sonarqube:
    image: sonarqube:lts-community
    depends_on:
      - db
    ports:
      - "9000:9000"
    environment:
      SONAR_JDBC_URL: jdbc:postgresql://db:5432/sonar
      SONAR_JDBC_USERNAME: sonar
      SONAR_JDBC_PASSWORD: sonar
    volumes:
      - sonarqube_data:/opt/sonarqube/data
      - sonarqube_extensions:/opt/sonarqube/extensions
      - sonarqube_logs:/opt/sonarqube/logs
    networks:
      - sonarqube_net
  db:
    image: postgres:12
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    environment:
      POSTGRES_USER: sonar
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: sonar
    volumes:
      - postgresql:/var/lib/postgresql
      - postgresql_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    networks:
      - sonarqube_net
networks:
  sonarqube_net:
    driver: bridge
volumes:
  sonarqube_data:
  sonarqube_extensions:
  sonarqube_logs:
  postgresql:
  postgresql_data:

5.1. 插件安装：

Administration->Marketplace搜索框输入Chinese->点击install

5.2. sonar-scaner安装

下载地址：https://binaries.sonarsource.com/Distribution/sonar-scanner-cli/sonar-scanner-cli-4.6.1.2450-linux.zip

unzip sonar-scanner-cli-4.6.1.2450-linux.zip
mv sonar-scanner-4.6.1.2450-linux/ /home/jenkins/data/sonar-scanner
vim /home/jenkins/data/sonar-scanner/conf/sonar-scanner.properties

报错：
ERROR: [1] bootstrap checks failed. You must address the points described in the following [1] lines before starting Elasticsearch.
bootstrap check failure [1] of [1]: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]


# 修改虚拟内存大小
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
# 在文件末尾添加 
vm.max_map_count=262144
# 保存并退出后，执行 
sysctl -p

默认的账号和密码都是admin

5.3. SonarQube与Jenkins整合

点击Manage Jenkins->System->SonarQube servers->Add SonarQube server加入SonarQube信息

点击Manage Jenkins->Tools->SonarQube Scanner installations->Add SonarQube Scanner

6. 创建自由风格的任务

流程：拉取代码-->maven打包-->SonarQube代码检测-->制作镜像推送到Harbor-->部署

点击New Item->选择Freestyle project

6.1. 拉取代码

添加tag标签:勾选This project is parameterized->点击Add Parameter->勾选->Git Parameter

配置Git:在Source Code Management位置->点击Git->输入Git的URL和账号密码

根据tag拉取代码：在Build Steps下->点击Add build step->勾选Execute shell并拉到顶部位置->输入git checkout $tag

测试：

在jenkins目录下可以看到拉取的代码：

6.2. Maven打包

配置构建参数：在Build Steps下->点击Add build step->勾选Invoke top-level Maven targets->输入打包命令clean package -DskipTests

再次测试：

可以看到已经打包成功

6.3. SonarQube代码检测

打包后使用SonarQube扫码代码：找到Build Steps点击Add Build Steps->Execute SonarQube Scanner

sonar.projectname=${JOB_NAME}
sonar.projectKey=${JOB_NAME}
sonar.source=./
sonar.java.binaries=./target/

再次Build，能够看到输出日志结果是SUCCESS，登录SonarQube能看到检测结果

6.4. 制作镜像推送到Harbor

制作镜像并推送到Harbor：找到Build Steps点击Add Build Steps->勾选Execute shell输入shell命令

cp target/*.jar docker/
docker build -t ${JOB_NAME}:$tag docker/
docker login -uadmin -p 123456Aa 192.168.32.146:1080
docker tag ${JOB_NAME}:$tag 192.168.32.146:1080/library/${JOB_NAME}:$tag
docker push 192.168.32.146:1080/library/${JOB_NAME}:$tag

若docker login -uadmin -p 123456Aa 192.168.32.146:1080报如下错误

# WARNING! Using --password via the CLI is insecure. Use --password-stdin.
# Error response from daemon: Get "https://192.168.32.146:1080/v2/": http: server gave HTTP response to HTTPS client

在/etc/docker/daemon.json文件中加入一行
"insecure-registries": ["192.168.32.146:1080"], # Harbor地址

再次Build，等待日志输出SUCCESS后查看部署机器和Harbor仓库：

6.5. 部署

在部署的机器上编写发布脚本：

Harbor_add=$1
Harbor_repo=$2
project=$3
version=$4

ImageName=$Harbor_add/$Harbor_repo/$project:$version

ContainerId=`docker ps -a | grep ${project} | awk '{print $1}'`

if [ "$ContainerId" != "" ]; then
  docker stop $ContainerId && docker rm $ContainerId
fi

tag=`docker images | grep ${project} | awk '{print $2}'` 

if [[ "$tag" =~ "$version" ]]; then
docker rmi -f $ImageName
fi
docker login -uadmin -p Harbor12345 $Harbor_add
docker pull $ImageName

docker run -d -p 8084:8080 --name $project $ImageName

在Jenkins上添加部署机：

部署：在Post-build Actions下->点击Add post-build action->选择Send build artifacts over SSH

deploy.sh 192.168.32.146:1080 library ${JOB_NAME} $tag
docker image prune -f

最后测试：

7. Pipeline任务

准备Jenkinsfile文件，在代码中新增一个Jenkinsfile文件，根据之前的步骤逐步生成流水线脚本。

7.1. 生成拉取代码脚本

点击任务pipeline_test-->Configure-->Pipeline Syntax-->在Sample Step中选择checkou：Check out from version control填入Git信息后点击Generate Pipeline Script

7.2. 生成Maven构建项目脚本

在Sample Step中选择sh：Shell Script填入Maven命令后点击Generate Pipeline Script

/var/jenkins_home/maven/bin/mvn clean package -DskipTests

7.3. 生成SonarQube检测代码质量脚本

同上：

/var/jenkins_home/sonar-scanner/bin/sonar-scanner -Dsonar.projectname=${JOB_NAME}  -Dsonar.projectKey=${JOB_NAME} -Dsonar.source=./ -Dsonar.java.binaries=./target/  -Dsonar.login=da3b131bd550db98f33e5d8359d2e03be1ea1a8f

7.4. 生成制作镜像脚本

cp target/*.jar docker/
docker build -t ${JOB_NAME}:$tag docker/

7.5. 推送镜像到Harbor

docker login -uadmin -p 123456Aa 192.168.32.146:1080
docker tag ${JOB_NAME}:$tag 192.168.32.146:1080/library/${JOB_NAME}:$tag
docker push 192.168.32.146:1080/library/${JOB_NAME}:$tag

7.6. 生成部署脚本

在Sample Step中选择sshPublisher：Send build artifacts over SSH填入部署命令后点击Generate Pipeline Script

deploy.sh $HarborAddress $Repo $JOB_NAME $tag

7.7. Jenkinsfile文件

pipeline {
    agent any

	environment{
	   	Harbor_user = 'admin'
	   	Harbor_passwd = '123456Aa'
	   	HarborAddress = '192.168.32.146:1080'
	   	Repo = 'library' 
        }   

    stages {
        stage('拉取git仓库代码') {
            steps {
            	checkout scmGit(branches: [[name: '${tag}']], extensions: [], userRemoteConfigs: [[credentialsId: 'cb59a2fa-6308-4d49-9a16-3b049aecd2c1', url: 'http://192.168.32.146:1180/root/freestyle_test.git']])
            }
        }

        stage('Maven构建项目') {
            steps {
            	sh '/var/jenkins_home/maven/bin/mvn clean package -DskipTests'
            }
        }

        stage('SonarQube检测代码质量') {
            steps {
            	sh '/var/jenkins_home/sonar-scanner/bin/sonar-scanner -Dsonar.projectname=${JOB_NAME}  -Dsonar.projectKey=${JOB_NAME} -Dsonar.source=./ -Dsonar.java.binaries=./target/  -Dsonar.login=da3b131bd550db98f33e5d8359d2e03be1ea1a8f'
            }
        }

        stage('制作镜像') {
            steps {
            	sh '''cp target/*.jar docker/
                docker build -t ${JOB_NAME}:$tag docker/'''
            }
        }

        stage('推送镜像到Harbor') {
            steps {
            	sh '''docker login -u${Harbor_user} -p ${Harbor_passwd} ${HarborAddress}
                docker tag ${JOB_NAME}:$tag ${HarborAddress}/${Repo}/${JOB_NAME}:$tag
                docker push ${HarborAddress}/${Repo}/${JOB_NAME}:$tag'''
            }
        }

        stage('部署') {
            steps {
            	sshPublisher(publishers: [sshPublisherDesc(configName: 'test_host', transfers: [sshTransfer(cleanRemote: false, excludes: '', execCommand: "deploy.sh $HarborAddress $Repo $JOB_NAME $tag ", execTimeout: 120000, flatten: false, makeEmptyDirs: false, noDefaultExcludes: false, patternSeparator: '[, ]+', remoteDirectory: '', remoteDirectorySDF: false, removePrefix: '', sourceFiles: '')], usePromotionTimestamp: false, useWorkspaceInPromotion: false, verbose: false)])
            }
        }
    }
}

部署脚本由于引用了Jenkinsfile变量和全局变量，需把变量处单引号改为双引号。

7.8. 准备执行任务

在Pipeline下选择Pipeline script from SCM填入Git信息保存并启动任务

7.9. 部署成功后通知到企业微信机器人

安装Qy Wechat Notification插件,这个插件可以通过企业微信群机器人发送构建信息，然后来到Manage Jenkins-->System下找到企业微信通知配置，填入信息

并在Jenkinsfile中加入如下内容

    post{
        success{
            qyWechatNotification failNotify: true, mentionedId: '', mentionedMobile: '', webhookUrl: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=自己的机器人KEY', moreInfo:'部署成功!'
        }
        failure{
            qyWechatNotification failNotify: true, mentionedId: '', mentionedMobile: '', webhookUrl: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=自己的机器人KEY', moreInfo:'部署失败!'
        }
    }

# mentionedId: '需要通知UserID', mentionedMobile: '需要通知的通知手机号码'， 可以为空

效果

最终完整Jenkinsfile

pipeline {
    agent any

	environment{
	   	Harbor_user = 'admin'
	   	Harbor_passwd = '123456Aa'
	   	HarborAddress = '192.168.32.146:1080'
	   	Repo = 'library' 
        }   

    stages {
        stage('拉取git仓库代码') {
            steps {
            	checkout scmGit(branches: [[name: '${tag}']], extensions: [], userRemoteConfigs: [[credentialsId: 'cb59a2fa-6308-4d49-9a16-3b049aecd2c1', url: 'http://192.168.32.146:1180/root/freestyle_test.git']])
            }
        }

        stage('Maven构建项目') {
            steps {
            	sh '/var/jenkins_home/maven/bin/mvn clean package -DskipTests'
            }
        }

        stage('SonarQube检测代码质量') {
            steps {
            	sh '/var/jenkins_home/sonar-scanner/bin/sonar-scanner -Dsonar.projectname=${JOB_NAME}  -Dsonar.projectKey=${JOB_NAME} -Dsonar.source=./ -Dsonar.java.binaries=./target/  -Dsonar.login=da3b131bd550db98f33e5d8359d2e03be1ea1a8f'
            }
        }

        stage('制作镜像') {
            steps {
            	sh '''cp target/*.jar docker/
                docker build -t ${JOB_NAME}:$tag docker/'''
            }
        }

        stage('推送镜像到Harbor') {
            steps {
            	sh '''docker login -u${Harbor_user} -p ${Harbor_passwd} ${HarborAddress}
                docker tag ${JOB_NAME}:$tag ${HarborAddress}/${Repo}/${JOB_NAME}:$tag
                docker push ${HarborAddress}/${Repo}/${JOB_NAME}:$tag'''
            }
        }

        stage('部署') {
            steps {
            	sshPublisher(publishers: [sshPublisherDesc(configName: 'test_host', transfers: [sshTransfer(cleanRemote: false, excludes: '', execCommand: "deploy.sh $HarborAddress $Repo $JOB_NAME $tag ", execTimeout: 120000, flatten: false, makeEmptyDirs: false, noDefaultExcludes: false, patternSeparator: '[, ]+', remoteDirectory: '', remoteDirectorySDF: false, removePrefix: '', sourceFiles: '')], usePromotionTimestamp: false, useWorkspaceInPromotion: false, verbose: false)])
            }
        }
    }
    post{
        success{
            qyWechatNotification failNotify: true, mentionedId: '', mentionedMobile: '', webhookUrl: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=自己的机器人KEY', moreInfo:'部署成功!'
        }
        failure{
            qyWechatNotification failNotify: true, mentionedId: '', mentionedMobile: '', webhookUrl: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=自己的机器人KEY', moreInfo:'部署失败!'
        }
    }
}

8. 部署到K8S

在Jenkins下添加K8S机器，Post-build Actions下->点击Add post-build action->选择Send build artifacts over SSH,工作目录为/usr/local/pipeline

在Gitlab仓库中新增pipeline_test.yaml文件

apiVersion: apps/v1    
kind: Deployment     
metadata:  
  namespace: test      
  labels:
    app: pipelinetest
  name: pipelinetest
spec:        
  replicas: 2      
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: pipelinetest
  template:        
    metadata:        
      labels:
        app: pipelinetest
    spec:           
      containers:
      - name: pipelinetest
        image: 192.168.32.146:1080/library/pipeline_test:v2.0.0
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  namespace: test   
  labels:
    app: pipelinetest
  name: pipelinetest      
spec:
  selector:     
    app: pipelinetest  
  ports:
  - port: 8084    
    protocol: TCP   
    targetPort: 8080  
  type: ClusterIP
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  namespace: test   
  name: pipelinetest 
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /  
spec:
  rules:
  - host: pipeline.test.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: pipelinetest
            port:
              number: 8084

修改Jenkinsfile脚本，将pipeline_test.yaml传到K8Smaster节点，会传到/usr/local/pipeline下

pipeline {
    agent any

	environment{
	   	Harbor_user = 'admin'
	   	Harbor_passwd = '123456Aa'
	   	HarborAddress = '192.168.32.146:1080'
	   	Repo = 'library' 
        }   

    stages {
        stage('拉取git仓库代码') {
            steps {
            	checkout scmGit(branches: [[name: '${tag}']], extensions: [], userRemoteConfigs: [[credentialsId: 'cb59a2fa-6308-4d49-9a16-3b049aecd2c1', url: 'http://192.168.32.146:1180/root/freestyle_test.git']])
            }
        }

        stage('Maven构建项目') {
            steps {
            	sh '/var/jenkins_home/maven/bin/mvn clean package -DskipTests'
            }
        }

        stage('SonarQube检测代码质量') {
            steps {
            	sh '/var/jenkins_home/sonar-scanner/bin/sonar-scanner -Dsonar.projectname=${JOB_NAME}  -Dsonar.projectKey=${JOB_NAME} -Dsonar.source=./ -Dsonar.java.binaries=./target/  -Dsonar.login=da3b131bd550db98f33e5d8359d2e03be1ea1a8f'
            }
        }

        stage('制作镜像') {
            steps {
            	sh '''cp target/*.jar docker/
                docker build -t ${JOB_NAME}:$tag docker/'''
            }
        }

        stage('推送镜像到Harbor') {
            steps {
            	sh '''docker login -u${Harbor_user} -p ${Harbor_passwd} ${HarborAddress}
                docker tag ${JOB_NAME}:$tag ${HarborAddress}/${Repo}/${JOB_NAME}:$tag
                docker push ${HarborAddress}/${Repo}/${JOB_NAME}:$tag'''
            }
        }

        stage('将yaml文件传到K8Smaster') {
            steps {
            	sshPublisher(publishers: [sshPublisherDesc(configName: 'k8s', transfers: [sshTransfer(cleanRemote: false, excludes: '', execCommand: '', execTimeout: 120000, flatten: false, makeEmptyDirs: false, noDefaultExcludes: false, patternSeparator: '[, ]+', remoteDirectory: '', remoteDirectorySDF: false, removePrefix: '', sourceFiles: 'pipeline_test.yaml')], usePromotionTimestamp: false, useWorkspaceInPromotion: false, verbose: false)])
            }
        }
    }
    post{
        success{
            qyWechatNotification failNotify: true, mentionedId: '', mentionedMobile: '', webhookUrl: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=自己的机器人key', moreInfo:'部署成功!'
        }
        failure{
            qyWechatNotification failNotify: true, mentionedId: '', mentionedMobile: '', webhookUrl: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=自己的机器人key', moreInfo:'部署失败!'
        }
    }
}

在Gitlab新打一个标签，重新构建检查pipeline_test.yaml文件是否成功

Jenkins免密登录K8Smaster

# 进入Jenkins容器内
docker exec -it jenkins bash
# SSH免密登录
ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id root@192.168.33.209

新增部署命令ssh root@192.168.33.209 kubectl apply -f /usr/local/pipeline/pipeline_test.yaml,加入到Jenkinsfile脚本中

完整Jenkinsfile

pipeline {
    agent any

	environment{
	   	Harbor_user = 'admin'
	   	Harbor_passwd = '123456Aa'
	   	HarborAddress = '192.168.32.146:1080'
	   	Repo = 'library' 
        }   

    stages {
        stage('拉取git仓库代码') {
            steps {
            	checkout scmGit(branches: [[name: '${tag}']], extensions: [], userRemoteConfigs: [[credentialsId: 'cb59a2fa-6308-4d49-9a16-3b049aecd2c1', url: 'http://192.168.32.146:1180/root/freestyle_test.git']])
            }
        }

        stage('Maven构建项目') {
            steps {
            	sh '/var/jenkins_home/maven/bin/mvn clean package -DskipTests'
            }
        }

        stage('SonarQube检测代码质量') {
            steps {
            	sh '/var/jenkins_home/sonar-scanner/bin/sonar-scanner -Dsonar.projectname=${JOB_NAME}  -Dsonar.projectKey=${JOB_NAME} -Dsonar.source=./ -Dsonar.java.binaries=./target/  -Dsonar.login=da3b131bd550db98f33e5d8359d2e03be1ea1a8f'
            }
        }

        stage('制作镜像') {
            steps {
            	sh '''cp target/*.jar docker/
                docker build -t ${JOB_NAME}:$tag docker/'''
            }
        }

        stage('推送镜像到Harbor') {
            steps {
            	sh '''docker login -u${Harbor_user} -p ${Harbor_passwd} ${HarborAddress}
                docker tag ${JOB_NAME}:$tag ${HarborAddress}/${Repo}/${JOB_NAME}:$tag
                docker push ${HarborAddress}/${Repo}/${JOB_NAME}:$tag'''
            }
        }

        stage('将yaml文件传到K8Smaster') {
            steps {
            	sshPublisher(publishers: [sshPublisherDesc(configName: 'k8s', transfers: [sshTransfer(cleanRemote: false, excludes: '', execCommand: '', execTimeout: 120000, flatten: false, makeEmptyDirs: false, noDefaultExcludes: false, patternSeparator: '[, ]+', remoteDirectory: '', remoteDirectorySDF: false, removePrefix: '', sourceFiles: 'pipeline_test.yaml')], usePromotionTimestamp: false, useWorkspaceInPromotion: false, verbose: false)])
            }
        }

        stage('部署') {
            steps {
            	sh 'ssh root@192.168.33.209 kubectl apply -f /usr/local/pipeline/pipeline_test.yaml'
            }
        }
    }
    post{
        success{
            qyWechatNotification failNotify: true, mentionedId: '', mentionedMobile: '', webhookUrl: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=自己的机器人key', moreInfo:'部署成功!'
        }
        failure{
            qyWechatNotification failNotify: true, mentionedId: '', mentionedMobile: '', webhookUrl: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=自己的机器人key', moreInfo:'部署失败!'
        }
    }
}

完成！

9. 自动化CI

GitLab发现源代码有变化时，就会触发Jenkins执行构建，需要安装GitLab插件,点击Jenkins --> My Views --> [项目名称] --> Configure

在Jenkins全局配置中去掉gitlab认证

回到gitlab在项目中点击Settings --> Webhooks在URL处粘贴上Build when a change is pushed to GitLab. GitLab webhook URL

# 若gitlab和jenkins在同一主机上会报错：Url is blocked: Requests to the local network are not allowed
# 进入gitlab点击Menu --> Admin --> Settings --> Network -->Outbound requests勾选上Allow requests to the local network from web hooks and services

最后去掉根据tag标签拉取代码，并且更改Jenkinsfile文件中的代码拉取tag为*/master，docker镜像版本修改为latest,pipeline_test.yaml文件中的镜像版本改为latest

由于这个流程如果yaml文件没有变动就不会部署成功，需要在部署命令后增加ssh root@192.168.33.209 kubectl rollout restart deployment pipelinetest -n test

pipeline {
    agent any

	environment{
	   	Harbor_user = 'admin'
	   	Harbor_passwd = '123456Aa'
	   	HarborAddress = '192.168.32.146:1080'
	   	Repo = 'library' 
        }   

    stages {
        stage('拉取git仓库代码') {
            steps {
            	checkout scmGit(branches: [[name: '*/master']], extensions: [], userRemoteConfigs: [[credentialsId: 'cb59a2fa-6308-4d49-9a16-3b049aecd2c1', url: 'http://192.168.32.146:1180/root/freestyle_test.git']])
            }
        }

        stage('Maven构建项目') {
            steps {
            	sh '/var/jenkins_home/maven/bin/mvn clean package -DskipTests'
            }
        }

        stage('SonarQube检测代码质量') {
            steps {
            	sh '/var/jenkins_home/sonar-scanner/bin/sonar-scanner -Dsonar.projectname=${JOB_NAME}  -Dsonar.projectKey=${JOB_NAME} -Dsonar.source=./ -Dsonar.java.binaries=./target/  -Dsonar.login=da3b131bd550db98f33e5d8359d2e03be1ea1a8f'
            }
        }

        stage('制作镜像') {
            steps {
            	sh '''cp target/*.jar docker/
                docker build -t ${JOB_NAME}:latest docker/'''
            }
        }

        stage('推送镜像到Harbor') {
            steps {
            	sh '''docker login -u${Harbor_user} -p ${Harbor_passwd} ${HarborAddress}
                docker tag ${JOB_NAME}:latest ${HarborAddress}/${Repo}/${JOB_NAME}:latest
                docker push ${HarborAddress}/${Repo}/${JOB_NAME}:latest'''
            }
        }

        stage('将yaml文件传到K8Smaster') {
            steps {
            	sshPublisher(publishers: [sshPublisherDesc(configName: 'k8s', transfers: [sshTransfer(cleanRemote: false, excludes: '', execCommand: '', execTimeout: 120000, flatten: false, makeEmptyDirs: false, noDefaultExcludes: false, patternSeparator: '[, ]+', remoteDirectory: '', remoteDirectorySDF: false, removePrefix: '', sourceFiles: 'pipeline_test.yaml')], usePromotionTimestamp: false, useWorkspaceInPromotion: false, verbose: false)])
            }
        }

        stage('部署') {
            steps {
            	sh 'ssh root@192.168.33.209 kubectl apply -f /usr/local/pipeline/pipeline_test.yaml'
              sh 'ssh root@192.168.33.209 kubectl rollout restart deployment pipelinetest -n test'
            }
        }
    }
    post{
        success{
            qyWechatNotification failNotify: true, mentionedId: '', mentionedMobile: '', webhookUrl: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=自己的机器人key', moreInfo:'部署成功!'
        }
        failure{
            qyWechatNotification failNotify: true, mentionedId: '', mentionedMobile: '', webhookUrl: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=自己的机器人key', moreInfo:'部署失败!'
        }
    }
}

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CI/CD:持续集成/持续部署

点击Manage Jenkins->Tools->SonarQube Scanner installations->Add SonarQube Scanner。准备Jenkinsfile文件，在代码中新增一个Jenkinsfile文件，根据之前的步骤逐步生成流水线脚本。再次Build，能够看到输出日志结果是SUCCESS，登录SonarQube能看到检测结果。部署脚本由于引用了Jenkinsfile变量和全局变量，需把变量处单引号改为双引号。安装Docker Compose。完整Jenkinsfile。
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