栈--中缀表达式转后缀

/*
        思路
        1. 遇到数字, 拼串
        2. 遇到 + - * /
            - 优先级高于栈顶运算符 入栈
            - 否则将栈中高级或平级运算符出栈拼串, 本运算符入栈
        3. 遍历完成, 栈中剩余运算符出栈拼串
            - 先出栈,意味着优先运算
        4. 带 ()
            - 左括号直接入栈
            - 右括号要将栈中直至左括号为止的运算符出栈拼串

        |   |
        |   |
        |   |
        _____

       	a+b             ab+
        a+b-c           ab+c-
        a*b+c           ab*c+
        a+b*c           abc*+
        a+b*c-d         abc*+d-
        (a+b)*c         ab+c*
        (a+b*c-d)*e     abc*+d-e*
        a*(b+c)         abc+*

     */

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(infixToSuffix("a+b"));
        System.out.println(infixToSuffix("a+b-c"));
        System.out.println(infixToSuffix("a+b*c"));
        System.out.println(infixToSuffix("a*b-c"));
        System.out.println(infixToSuffix("(a+b)*c"));
        System.out.println(infixToSuffix("a+b*c+(d*e+f)*g"));
    }

    static String infixToSuffix(String exp) {
        LinkedList<Character> stack = new LinkedList<>();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(exp.length());
        for (int i = 0; i < exp.length(); i++) {
            char c = exp.charAt(i);
            switch (c) {
                case '+', '-', '*', '/' -> {
                    if (stack.isEmpty()) {
                        stack.push(c);
                    } else {
                        if (priority(c) > priority(stack.peek())) {
                            stack.push(c);
                        } else {
                            while (!stack.isEmpty() 
                                   && priority(stack.peek()) >= priority(c)) {
                                sb.append(stack.pop());
                            }
                            stack.push(c);
                        }
                    }
                }
                case '(' -> {
                    stack.push(c);
                }
                case ')' -> {
                    while (!stack.isEmpty() && stack.peek() != '(') {
                        sb.append(stack.pop());
                    }
                    stack.pop();
                }
                default -> {
                    sb.append(c);
                }
            }
        }
        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            sb.append(stack.pop());
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    static int priority(char c) {
        return switch (c) {
            case '(' -> 0;
            case '*', '/' -> 2;
            case '+', '-' -> 1;
            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("不合法字符:" + c);
        };
    }
}

代码参考：https://github.com/1693905917/DataStructure.git