通过Minikube我们可以创建一个单节点的K8S集群,集群管理Master和负责运行应用的Node都部署在此节点上。
- 查看Minikube的版本号:
minikube version
minikube version: v1.16.0
commit: 9f1e482427589ff8451c4723b6ba53bb9742fbb1
- 查看kubectl的版本号,第一次使用会直接安装kubectl:
minikube kubectl version
复制代码
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"20", GitVersion:"v1.20.0", GitCommit:"af46c47ce925f4c4ad5cc8d1fca46c7b77d13b38", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2020-12-08T17:59:43Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"20", GitVersion:"v1.20.0", GitCommit:"af46c47ce925f4c4ad5cc8d1fca46c7b77d13b38", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2020-12-08T17:51:19Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
- 如果你想直接使用kubectl命令的话,可以将其复制到
/bin
目录下去:
# 查找kubectl命令的位置
find / -name kubectl
# 找到之后复制到/bin目录下
cp /mydata/docker/volumes/minikube/_data/lib/minikube/binaries/v1.20.0/kubectl /bin/
# 直接使用kubectl命令
kubectl version
- 查看集群详细信息:
kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.49.2:8443
KubeDNS is running at https://192.168.49.2:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy
To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
- 查看集群中的所有Node,可以发现Minikube创建了一个单节点的简单集群:
kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
minikube Ready control-plane,master 46m v1.20.0
部署应用
一旦运行了K8S集群,就可以在其上部署容器化应用程序。通过创建Deployment对象,可以指挥K8S如何创建和更新应用程序的实例。
- 指定好应用镜像并创建一个Deployment,这里创建一个Nginx应用:
kubectl create deployment kubernetes-nginx --image=nginx:1.10
-
创建一个Deployment时K8S会产生如下操作:
- 选择一个合适的Node来部署这个应用;
- 将该应用部署到Node上;
- 当应用异常关闭或删除时重新部署应用。
-
查看所有Deployment:
kubectl get deployments
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
kubernetes-nginx 1/1 1 1 21h
- 我们可以通过
kubectl proxy
命令创建一个代理,这样就可以通过暴露出来的接口直接访问K8S的API了,这里调用了查询K8S版本的接口;
[macro@linux-local root]$ kubectl proxy
Starting to serve on 127.0.0.1:8001
[root@linux-local ~]# curl http://localhost:8001/version
{
"major": "1",
"minor": "20",
"gitVersion": "v1.20.0",
"gitCommit": "af46c47ce925f4c4ad5cc8d1fca46c7b77d13b38",
"gitTreeState": "clean",
"buildDate": "2020-12-08T17:51:19Z",
"goVersion": "go1.15.5",
"compiler": "gc",
"platform": "linux/amd64"
}
查看应用
通过对运行应用的Pod进行操作,可以查看容器日志,也可以执行容器内部命令。
- 查看K8s中所有Pod的状态:
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kubernetes-nginx-78bcc44665-8fnnn 1/1 Running 1 21h
- 查看Pod的详细状态,包括IP地址、占用端口、使用镜像等信息;
kubectl describe pods
Name: kubernetes-nginx-78bcc44665-8fnnn
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: minikube/192.168.49.2
Start Time: Tue, 05 Jan 2021 13:57:46 +0800
Labels: app=kubernetes-nginx
pod-template-hash=78bcc44665
version=v1
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 172.17.0.7
IPs:
IP: 172.17.0.7
Controlled By: ReplicaSet/kubernetes-nginx-78bcc44665
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID: docker://31eb1277e507ec4cf8a27b66a9f4f30fb919d17f4cd914c09eb4cfe8322504b2
Image: nginx:1.10
Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:6202beb06ea61f44179e02ca965e8e13b961d12640101fca213efbfd145d7575
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
State: Running
Started: Wed, 06 Jan 2021 09:22:40 +0800
Last State: Terminated
Reason: Completed
Exit Code: 0
Started: Tue, 05 Jan 2021 14:24:55 +0800
Finished: Tue, 05 Jan 2021 17:32:48 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 1
Environment: <none>
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-dhr4b (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
default-token-dhr4b:
Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
SecretName: default-token-dhr4b
Optional: false
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events: <none>
复制代码
- 将Pod的名称设置为环境变量,方便之后使用
$POD_NAME
来应用Pod的名称:
export POD_NAME=kubernetes-nginx-78bcc44665-8fnnn
- 查看Pod打印的日志:
kubectl logs $POD_NAME
- 使用
exec
可以在Pod的容器中执行命令,这里使用env
命令查看环境变量:
kubectl exec $POD_NAME -- env
复制代码
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=kubernetes-nginx-78bcc44665-8fnnn
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR=10.96.0.1
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST=10.96.0.1
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT=443
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS=443
KUBERNETES_PORT=tcp://10.96.0.1:443
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP=tcp://10.96.0.1:443
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO=tcp
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PORT=443
NGINX_VERSION=1.10.3-1~jessie
HOME=/root
- 进入容器内部并执行
bash
命令,如果想退出容器可以使用exit
命令:
kubectl exec -ti $POD_NAME -- bash
公开暴露应用
默认Pod无法被集群外部访问,需要创建Service并暴露端口才能被外部访问。
- 创建一个Service来暴露kubernetes-nginx这个Deployment:
kubectl expose deployment/kubernetes-nginx --type="NodePort" --port 80
- 查看K8S中所有Service的状态:
kubectl get services
复制代码
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 5h16m
kubernetes-nginx NodePort 10.105.177.114 <none> 80:31891/TCP 5s
- 查看Service的详情,通过
NodePort
属性可以得到暴露到外部的端口;
kubectl describe services/kubernetes-nginx
Name: kubernetes-nginx
Namespace: default
Labels: app=kubernetes-nginx
Annotations: <none>
Selector: app=kubernetes-nginx
Type: NodePort
IP Families: <none>
IP: 10.106.227.54
IPs: 10.106.227.54
Port: <unset> 80/TCP
TargetPort: 80/TCP
NodePort: <unset> 30158/TCP
Endpoints: 172.17.0.7:80
Session Affinity: None
External Traffic Policy: Cluster
Events: <none>
- 通过CURL命令通过
Minikube IP:NodePort IP
可以访问Nginx服务,此时将打印Nginx主页信息;
curl $(minikube ip):30158
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
标签的使用
通过给资源添加Label,可以方便地管理资源(如Deployment、Pod、Service等)。
- 查看Deployment中所包含的Label;
kubectl describe deployment
Name: kubernetes-nginx
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Tue, 05 Jan 2021 13:57:46 +0800
Labels: app=kubernetes-nginx
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
Selector: app=kubernetes-nginx
Replicas: 1 desired | 1 updated | 1 total | 1 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds: 0
RollingUpdateStrategy: 25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
- 通过Label查询Pod:
kubectl get pods -l app=kubernetes-nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kubernetes-nginx-78bcc44665-8fnnn 1/1 Running 1 21h
- 通过Label查询Service:
kubectl get services -l app=kubernetes-nginx
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes-nginx NodePort 10.106.227.54 <none> 80:30158/TCP 4m44s
- 给Pod添加Label:
kubectl label pod $POD_NAME version=v1
- 查看Pod的详细信息,可以查看Label信息:
kubectl describe pods $POD_NAME
Name: kubernetes-nginx-78bcc44665-8fnnn
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: minikube/192.168.49.2
Start Time: Tue, 05 Jan 2021 13:57:46 +0800
Labels: app=kubernetes-nginx
pod-template-hash=78bcc44665
version=v1
- 通过Label查询Pod:
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