public class ResponseBean {
// http 状态码
private int code;
// 返回信息
private String msg;
// 返回的数据
private Object data;
public ResponseBean(int code, String msg, Object data) {
this.code = code;
this.msg = msg;
this.data = data;
}
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(int code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
public Object getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(Object data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
自定义异常
为了实现我自己能够手动抛出异常,我自己写了一个 UnauthorizedException.java
package com.riemann.exception;
public class UnauthorizedException extends RuntimeException {
public UnauthorizedException() {
super();
}
public UnauthorizedException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}
URL结构
| URL | 作用 |
| — | — |
| /login | 登入 |
| /article | 所有人都可以访问,但是用户与游客看到的内容不同 |
| /require_auth | 登入的用户才可以进行访问 |
| /require_role | admin的角色用户才可以登入 |
| /require_permission | 拥有view和edit权限的用户才可以访问 |
Controller
package com.riemann.controller;
import com.riemann.bean.ResponseBean;
import com.riemann.bean.UserBean;
import com.riemann.exception.UnauthorizedException;
import com.riemann.service.UserService;
import com.riemann.util.JWTUtil;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.Logical;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresAuthentication;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresPermissions;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresRoles;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@RestController
public class WebController {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WebController.class);
private UserService userService;
@Autowired
public void setService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
@GetMapping(“/login”)
public ResponseBean login(String username, String password) {
UserBean userBean = userService.getUser(username);
if (userBean.getPassword().equals(password)) {
return new ResponseBean(200, “Login success”, JWTUtil.sign(username, password));
} else {
throw new UnauthorizedException();
}
}
@GetMapping(“/article”)
public ResponseBean article() {
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
if (subject.isAuthenticated()) {
return new ResponseBean(200, “You are already logged in”, null);
} else {
return new ResponseBean(200, “You are guest”, null);
}
}
@GetMapping(“/require_auth”)
@RequiresAuthentication
public ResponseBean requireAuth() {
return new ResponseBean(200, “You are authenticated”, null);
}
@GetMapping(“/require_role”)
@RequiresRoles(“admin”)
public ResponseBean requireRole() {
return new ResponseBean(200, “You are visiting require_role”, null);
}
@GetMapping(“/require_permission”)
@RequiresPermissions(logical = Logical.AND, value = {“view”, “edit”})
public ResponseBean requirePermission() {
return new ResponseBean(200, “You are visiting permission require edit,view”, null);
}
@RequestMapping(path = “/401”)
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED)
public ResponseBean unauthorized() {
return new ResponseBean(401, “Unauthorized”, null);
}
}
我这里的/login
接口是用的get请求,像这种用户名和密码一般要用post请求,我这里没有去封装接口请求参数哈。
处理框架异常
之前说过 restful 要统一返回的格式,所以我们也要全局处理 Spring Boot 的抛出异常。利用 @RestControllerAdvice
能很好的实现。
package com.riemann.controller;
import com.riemann.bean.ResponseBean;
import com.riemann.exception.UnauthorizedException;
import org.apache.shiro.ShiroException;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@RestControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionController {
// 捕捉shiro的异常
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED)
@ExceptionHandler(ShiroException.class)
public ResponseBean handle401(ShiroException e) {
return new ResponseBean(401, e.getMessage(), null);
}
// 捕捉UnauthorizedException
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED)
@ExceptionHandler(UnauthorizedException.class)
public ResponseBean handle401() {
return new ResponseBean(401, “Unauthorized”, null);
}
// 捕捉其他所有异常
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
public ResponseBean globalException(HttpServletRequest request, Throwable ex) {
return new ResponseBean(getStatus(request).value(), ex.getMessage(), null);
}
private HttpStatus getStatus(HttpServletRequest request) {
Integer statusCode = (Integer) request.getAttribute(“javax.servlet.error.status_code”);
if (statusCode == null) {
return HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
}
return HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode);
}
}
5、配置 Shiro
大家可以先看下官方的 Spring-Shiro整合教程,有个初步的了解。不过既然我们用了 Spring-Boot,那我们肯定要争取零配置文件。
实现JWTToken
JWTToken
差不多就是 Shiro
用户名密码的载体。因为我们是前后端分离,服务器无需保存用户状态,所以不需要 RememberMe
这类功能,我们简单的实现下 AuthenticationToken
接口即可。因为 token
自己已经包含了用户名等信息,所以这里我就弄了一个字段。如果你喜欢钻研,可以看看官方的 UsernamePasswordToken
是如何实现的。
package com.riemann.shiro;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
public class JWTToken implements AuthenticationToken {
// 密钥
private String token;
public JWTToken(String token) {
this.token = token;
}
@Override
public Object getPrincipal() {
return token;
}
@Override
public Object getCredentials() {
return token;
}
}
实现Realm
realm
的用于处理用户是否合法的这一块,需要我们自己实现。
package com.riemann.shiro;
import com.riemann.bean.UserBean;
import com.riemann.service.UserService;
import com.riemann.util.JWTUtil;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
@Service
public class MyRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyRealm.class);
private UserService userService;
@Autowired
public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
/**
- 大坑!,必须重写此方法,不然Shiro会报错
*/
@Override
public boolean supports(AuthenticationToken token) {
return token instanceof JWTToken;
}
/**
- 只有当需要检测用户权限的时候才会调用此方法,例如checkRole,checkPermission之类的
*/
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
String username = JWTUtil.getUsername(principalCollection.toString());
UserBean user = userService.getUser(username);
SimpleAuthorizationInfo simpleAuthorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
simpleAuthorizationInfo.addRole(user.getRole());
Set permission = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(user.getPermission().split(“,”)));
simpleAuthorizationInfo.addStringPermissions(permission);
return simpleAuthorizationInfo;
}
/**
- 默认使用此方法进行用户名正确与否验证,错误抛出异常即可。
*/
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
String token = (String) authenticationToken.getCredentials();
// 解密获得username,用于和数据库进行对比
String username = JWTUtil.getUsername(token);
if (username == null) {
throw new AuthenticationException(“token invalid”);
}
UserBean userBean = userService.getUser(username);
if (userBean == null) {
throw new AuthenticationException(“User didn’t existed!”);
}
if (! JWTUtil.verify(token, username, userBean.getPassword())) {
throw new AuthenticationException(“Username or password error”);
}
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(token, token, “my_realm”);
}
}
在 doGetAuthenticationInfo()
中用户可以自定义抛出很多异常,详情见文档。
重写 Filter
所有的请求都会先经过 Filter
,所以我们继承官方的 BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter
,并且重写鉴权的方法。
代码的执行流程 preHandle -> isAccessAllowed -> isLoginAttempt -> executeLogin
。
package com.riemann.filter;
import com.riemann.shiro.JWTToken;
import org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class JWTFilter extends BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter {
private Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
/**
-
判断用户是否想要登入。
-
检测header里面是否包含Authorization字段即可
*/
@Override
protected boolean isLoginAttempt(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
String authorization = req.getHeader(“Authorization”);
return authorization != null;
}
@Override
protected boolean executeLogin(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
String authorization = httpServletRequest.getHeader(“Authorization”);
JWTToken token = new JWTToken(authorization);
// 提交给realm进行登入,如果错误他会抛出异常并被捕获
getSubject(request, response).login(token);
// 如果没有抛出异常则代表登入成功,返回true
return true;
}
@Override
protected boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) {
if (isLoginAttempt(request, response)) {
try {
executeLogin(request, response);
} catch (Exception e) {
response401(request, response);
}
}
return true;
}
/**
- 对跨域提供支持
*/
@Override
protected boolean preHandle(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
httpServletResponse.setHeader(“Access-control-Allow-Origin”, httpServletRequest.getHeader(“Origin”));
httpServletResponse.setHeader(“Access-Control-Allow-Methods”, “GET,POST,OPTIONS,PUT,DELETE”);
httpServletResponse.setHeader(“Access-Control-Allow-Headers”, httpServletRequest.getHeader(“Access-Control-Request-Headers”));
// 跨域时会首先发送一个option请求,这里我们给option请求直接返回正常状态
if (httpServletRequest.getMethod().equals(RequestMethod.OPTIONS.name())) {
httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpStatus.OK.value());
return false;
}
return super.preHandle(request, response);
}
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-Headers", httpServletRequest.getHeader(“Access-Control-Request-Headers”));
// 跨域时会首先发送一个option请求,这里我们给option请求直接返回正常状态
if (httpServletRequest.getMethod().equals(RequestMethod.OPTIONS.name())) {
httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpStatus.OK.value());
return false;
}
return super.preHandle(request, response);
}
小编13年上海交大毕业,曾经在小公司待过,也去过华为、OPPO等大厂,18年进入阿里一直到现在。
深知大多数初中级Java工程师,想要提升技能,往往是自己摸索成长,但自己不成体系的自学效果低效又漫长,而且极易碰到天花板技术停滞不前!
因此收集整理了一份《2024年最新Java开发全套学习资料》送给大家,初衷也很简单,就是希望能够帮助到想自学提升又不知道该从何学起的朋友,同时减轻大家的负担。
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