ListView基本用法与性能提升

基本用法

ListView 需要：数据 ListData、子项及其布局，这些都在 Adapter 中处理。

// 数据 ListData
fruitList.add(Fruit("Apple", R.drawable.apple_pic)) ...

// 子项类
class Fruit(val name:String, val imageId: Int)

<!-- 子项布局：fruit_item.xml -->
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
	android:layout_width="match_parent"
	android:layout_height="60dp">
	<ImageView
	android:id="@+id/fruitImage" 
	android:layout_width="40dp" 
	android:layout_height="40dp" 
	android:layout_gravity="center_vertical" 
	android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/>
	<TextView
	android:id="@+id/fruitName" 
	android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	android:layout_gravity="center_vertical" 
	android:layout_marginLeft="10dp" />
</LinearLayout>

val adapter = FruitAdapter(
	this, 
	R.layout.fruit_item, 
	fruitList
)

class FruitAdapter(
	activity: Activity,
	val resourceId: Int,
	data: List<Fruit>
) : ArrayAdapter<Fruit>(activity, resourceId, data) {
	// getView()：子项被滚动到屏幕内的时候被调用。
	override fun getView(position: Int, convertView: View?, parent: ViewGroup): View { 
		// 载入子项布局
		val view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(resourceId, parent, false)
		val fruitImage: ImageView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage)
		val fruitName: TextView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName)
		
		// getItem()：获得子项数据，从 ListData 中
		val fruit = getItem(position)

		// 结合子项数据和子项布局
		if (fruit != null) {
			fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.imageId)
			fruitName.text = fruit.name 
		}
		
		return view 
	}
}

listView.adapter = adapter 

提高效率

convertView 缓存住滑出屏幕的View。

class FruitAdapter(activity: Activity, val resourceId: Int, data: List<Fruit>) : ArrayAdapter<Fruit>(activity, resourceId, data) {
	override fun getView(position: Int, convertView: View?, parent: ViewGroup): View { 
		val view: View
		if (convertView == null) {
			view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(resourceId, parent, false)
		} else {
			view = convertView
		}
		...
	}
}

继续优化：内部类 ViewHolder 缓存 子项View内具体组件。

class FruitAdapter(activity: Activity, val resourceId: Int, data: List<Fruit>) : ArrayAdapter<Fruit>(activity, resourceId, data) {

	inner class ViewHolder(val view: View) {
		val fruitImage: ImageView
		val fruitName: TextView
		init {
			fruitImage = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage)
            fruitName = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName)
        }
	}
	
	override fun getView(position: Int, convertView: View?, parent: ViewGroup): View { 
		val view: View
		val viewHolder: ViewHolder 
		if (convertView == null) {
			view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(resourceId, parent, false)
			viewHolder = ViewHolder(view)
			// View.setTag()：将 ViewHolder 对象存储在View中
			view.tag = viewHolder
		} else {
			view = convertView
			viewHolder = view.tag as ViewHolder 
		}
		
		val fruit = getItem(position)
		if (fruit != null) {
			viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.imageId)
			viewHolder.fruitName.text = fruit.name 
		}
		return view 
	}
}