百鸡问题求解

题目：小明同学想用一百钱买一百只鸡，公鸡五钱一只，母鸡三钱一只，小鸡一钱三只，问：有多少种买法？

思路1：暴力枚举

由于小鸡一钱三只，故我们每次买鸡时称份：

公鸡五钱一份，一份一只

母鸡三钱一份，一份一只

小鸡一钱一份，一份三只

代码：

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j <= 100; j++) {
            if ( i+j>100 )
                break;
            for (int k = 0; k <= 100; k++) {
                if ( i+j+3*k==100 && 5*i+3*j+k==100) {
                    printf("%d %d %d\n",i,j,3*k);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

优化：

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j <= 100 - i; j++) {
            int k = 0;
            if ( i+j==100 || (100-i-j)%3==0 ) {
                k = (100-i-j)/3;
                if ( 5*i+3*j+k==100 ) 
                    printf("%d %d %d\n",i,j,3*k);
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

---

思路二：贪心

具体思路：

1.尽可能买多的公鸡

2.富余的钱尽可能买多的母鸡

3.剩下的钱买小鸡

4.判断鸡的总数是否为100

5.母鸡数量减一

6.重复2345

Tips：当鸡的总数大于100时，进行7

7.母鸡数量为0时，公鸡数量减一

8.重复23456

代码：

#include <stdio.h>
struct chicken {
    int price;
    int num;
}
int main()
{
    int chick;
    struct chicken cock,hen;
    cock.price = 5;
    hen.price = 3;
    cock.num = 100 / cock.price;
    hen.num = (100 - cock.num*cock.price) / hen.price;
    chick = (100 - cock.num*cock.price - hen.num*hen.price)*3;
    if ( cock.num+hen.num+chick == 100 )
        printf("%d %d %d\n",cock.num,hen.num,chick);
    hen.num--;
    while (cock.num >= 0) {
        while (hen.num >= 0) {
            chick = (100 - cock.num*cock.price - hen.num*hen.price)*3;
            if ( cock.num+hen.num+chick == 100 )
                printf("%d %d %d\n",cock.num,hen.num,chick);
            if ( cock.num+hen.num+chick > 100 )
                break;
            hen.num--;
        }
        cock.num--;
        hen.num = (100 - cock.num*cock.price) / hen.price;
    }
    return 0;
}