考研英语真题笔记 2020，Java数据结构面试题及答案

They housed(给…房子住) eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat(机械老鼠) — one social(社会的,社交的) and one asocial(非社交的,不合群的) — for four days. The robots rats were quite minimalist(极简主义), resembling a chunkier(chunky矮胖的) version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colorful markings(标记).

During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape(让被困的老鼠逃脱). Meanwhile(同时), the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.

Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages(将机器人关进笼子里) and gave the rats the opportunity to release(释放) them by pressing a lever(按压一个控制杆). Across 18 trials each(在18个实验中), the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that(这表明) the rats perceived(认为,察觉,感觉) the social robot as a genuine(真实的) social being. They may have bonded more with(更紧密的联系) the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal(公共的,共同的) exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favor when they get trapped, says Quinn.

“Rats have been shown to(显示为,被证明为) engage in(参加,从事) multiple(多样的,多种) forms of reciprocal(互惠的,相互的) help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them,” says Quinn.

The readiness(乐意,准备就绪) of the rats to befriend(和…交朋友) the social robot was surprising given(考虑到,鉴于) its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled(类似,像) a simple plastic box on wheels. “We’ d assumed we’ d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features(面部特折), and