ESP32-CAM实现定时拍照存储功能-关闭闪光灯

这个礼拜到手了一个ESP32-CAM板子和SD卡，有摄像头、蓝牙、WIFI。目前先使用摄像头做个简单功能，实现每隔一段时间间隔可以拍照并保存到SD卡中。想法还是简单，而且已经有人实现好了，只需要在官方给出的样例中将拍照函数添加到循环中再延时即可。

但是在实现中发现每次拍照闪光灯都会闪烁一下，很刺眼。原本是直接使用原来的自带代码关闭闪光灯，但是拍照还是会闪烁，就觉得很奇怪。试了很多方法都关不掉，后来突然想到，应该是调用拍照的函数里面会调用闪光灯。遂上网查找相关资料，最后采用PWM将灯光拉低亮度至0解决。

Disabling auto flash on the ESP32 CAM? : r/esp32 (reddit.com)

功能：

        每5秒拍照一次并存储到SD卡中，拍照时ESP32-CAM的LED会亮起，拍照存储完成后熄灭

代码：

/*********
  Rui Santos
  Complete project details at https://RandomNerdTutorials.com/esp32-cam-take-photo-save-microsd-card
  
  IMPORTANT!!! 
   - Select Board "AI Thinker ESP32-CAM"
   - GPIO 0 must be connected to GND to upload a sketch
   - After connecting GPIO 0 to GND, press the ESP32-CAM on-board RESET button to put your board in flashing mode
  
  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  of this software and associated documentation files.
  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
  copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*********/

#include "esp_camera.h"
#include "Arduino.h"
#include "FS.h"                // SD Card ESP32
#include "SD_MMC.h"            // SD Card ESP32
#include "soc/soc.h"           // Disable brownour problems
#include "soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h"  // Disable brownour problems
#include "driver/rtc_io.h"
#include <EEPROM.h>            // read and write from flash memory

// define the number of bytes you want to access
#define EEPROM_SIZE 1

// Pin definition for CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     32
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM    -1
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM      0
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     26
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     27

#define Y9_GPIO_NUM       35
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM       34
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM       39
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM       36
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM       21
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM       19
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM       18
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM        5
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    25
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM     23
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     22
#define FLASH_GPIO_NUM 4
#define LED_GPIO_NUM 33
int pictureNumber = 0;

void setup() {
  WRITE_PERI_REG(RTC_CNTL_BROWN_OUT_REG, 0); //disable brownout detector
  ledcSetup(15, 2000, 8);
  ledcAttachPin(FLASH_GPIO_NUM, 15);
  Serial.begin(115200);
  //Serial.setDebugOutput(true);
  //Serial.println();
  
}

void take_pictures(){
  camera_config_t config;
  config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;
  config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;
  config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;
  config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;
  config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG; 
  
  if(psramFound()){
    config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_UXGA; // FRAMESIZE_ + QVGA|CIF|VGA|SVGA|XGA|SXGA|UXGA
    config.jpeg_quality = 10;
    config.fb_count = 2;
  } else {
    config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_SVGA;
    config.jpeg_quality = 12;
    config.fb_count = 1;
  }
  
  // Init Camera
  esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config);
  if (err != ESP_OK) {
    Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err);
    return;
  }
  sensor_t *s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
  s->set_brightness(s, 2); // 设置亮度，范围通常为 -2 到 2
  s->set_contrast(s, 1);// 设置对比度，范围为 -2 到 2。0 表示不调整对比度。
  s->set_saturation(s, 1); //设置饱和度，范围为 -2 到 2。0 表示不调整饱和度。
  //Serial.println("Starting SD Card");
  if(!SD_MMC.begin("/sdcard",true)){
    Serial.println("SD Card Mount Failed");
    return;
  }
  
  uint8_t cardType = SD_MMC.cardType();
  if(cardType == CARD_NONE){
    Serial.println("No SD Card attached");
    return;
  }
  
  camera_fb_t * fb = NULL;
  // Take Picture with Camera
  ledcWrite(15,0);
  fb = esp_camera_fb_get();  
  if(!fb) {
    Serial.println("Camera capture failed");
    return;
  }
  // initialize EEPROM with predefined size
  EEPROM.begin(EEPROM_SIZE);
  pictureNumber = EEPROM.read(0) + 1;

  // Path where new picture will be saved in SD Card
  //TODO 此处pictureNumber只能1-256循环 需要改为无上限
  String path = "/picture" + String(pictureNumber) +".jpg";

  fs::FS &fs = SD_MMC; 
  Serial.printf("Picture file name: %s\n", path.c_str());
  
  File file = fs.open(path.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);
  if(!file){
    Serial.println("Failed to open file in writing mode");
  } 
  else {
    file.write(fb->buf, fb->len); // payload (image), payload length
    Serial.printf("Saved file to path: %s\n", path.c_str());
    EEPROM.write(0, pictureNumber);
    EEPROM.commit();
  }
  file.close();
  esp_camera_fb_return(fb); 
  
  // Turns off the ESP32-CAM white on-board LED (flash) connected to GPIO 4
  //pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
  //digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  //rtc_gpio_hold_en(GPIO_NUM_4);//低功耗保持状态
  
  delay(2000);
  Serial.println("Going to sleep now");
  //delay(2000);
  //esp_deep_sleep_start();
  //Serial.println("This will never be printed");
  Serial.println("finished!");
  
}

void loop() {
  //Turn on LED
  pinMode(LED_GPIO_NUM,OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(LED_GPIO_NUM,LOW);
  take_pictures();
  //Turn off LED
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(LED_GPIO_NUM,HIGH);
  delay(5000);
}