一.形容词和副词能够充当的成分
1.形容词放在系动词后面做表语,放在名词前做定语。
2.副词: 修饰实义动词/形容词/副词/整个句子。 副词无论放在哪里都是做状语
二.什么是状语
1.状语的含义:状语在一句话当中除了名词不能修饰,其他什么成分都可以修饰。
2.状语的成分:副词做状语。介词短语做状语。非谓语动词做状语。从句做状语。
3.状语的位置:随便放
4.状语从句的引导词是按照引导词本身的意思分类,一共把引导词分成9类:
时间状语从句:when=while=as (当……的时候),before(以前),after(以后),since(自从)
I have fallen in love with you since i met you.,the moment=as soon as (一……就),by the time (到……为止),until(直到……才)
状语从句的时态问题
当爱来临的时候,我要牵住他的手。
When romance comes , I will hold her hands.
在所有的状语从句中,如果主句的动作和从句的动作都尚未发生的话,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。
当爱来临的时候,我没有牵到他的手。
When love came ,I failed to hold her hands.
三.区别 until 和 not ……until
I will wait here until you come
I will not leave until you come
区别在于看主句的谓语动词是延续性动词还是瞬间动词,如果是个延续性动词,就用until,如何是瞬间动词就用 not……until
直到我长大,我才意识到母亲的伟大
I didn’t realize the greatness of mothers until I grew up.
四.when 引导的时间状语从句省略的情况
When I was a kid , I enjoy singing songs.
When 引导的时间状语从句,如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致,并且从句的谓语中有be动词,此时,从句的主语和be动词可以同时省略。
地点状语从句: where
这种树在潮湿的地方生长的很好
The kind of trees grow well in moist places.
做地点状语的通常都是介词短语,很少是从句。
原因状语从句:1)because , as , since , in that , seeing that , considering that , now that , given that
2)for
3)because of , due to , owing to , thanks to , for the sake of , as a result of
因为他粗心,他出了一场事故。
He had a car accident because he was careless.
He had a car accident for he was careless.
He had a car accident because of his carelessness.
目的状语从句:1)to , in order to , so as to
2)so that(so that 表示目的,通常放在句末,不放在句首) , in order that
为了看的更远,我们爬的更高。
We will ascend higher in order to overlook farther/further
结果状语从句:so…that(so后面需要加形容词或副词) ,such…that (such 后面加名词)如此,以至于
今天是如此的热,以至于我都穿上了裙子。
It feels so hot today that i wear a dress.
我妈妈是如此的善良,以至于她被所有老板尊重
My mom proves so kind that she is respected by all her staf.
So …that = very very+adj+adv 作文中只要出现形容词或副词的地方,都可以写成so…that的情况。
让步状语从句:although , though , even though , even if , as , while 虽然,尽管
as的部分倒装
as引导的让步状语从句,从句的表语可以放在句首,构成部分倒装
虽然这个图表看起来很简单,他背后的观点是非常深刻的,国产车越来越受到国人的欢迎。
Simple as the chart looks,the outlook behind proves far-reaching ——national products become increasingly popular with Chinese customers .
养宠物可以培养孩子的耐心,虽然他们可能会对家人或者邻居造成危害
Raising pets can cultivate the loving heart of kinds although they might be injurious to their families or neighbors.
方式状语从句: as , the way , as if/though. 好像,似乎
方式状语: By/through/by means of/ in….way/manner
她看起来就像用冰做的一样
She looks as if she were made of ice.
她和我说话就好像她是我妈一样
She talks with me as if she were my mother.
条件状语从句: suppose that , supposing that , if , unless , provided that , as long as , so long as
只要有一丝希望,我也不会放弃.
As long as there seems a ghost of hope ,I will never give up.
比较状语从句: as…as…/比较结构 than
你看起来像我一样漂亮。
You are as beautiful as I am beautiful.
你看起来比我漂亮.
You are more beautiful for than I .
六.状语和状语从句的考点分析
1.写作:作文中任何一句话的旁边都可以给他加一个状语的成分把句子拉长。
你可以像猪一样生活,但是你永远不会像猪一样快乐。
One can live as if he were a pig.conversely , he can never be as delighted as a pig.
2.状语和状语从句的长难句分析
能够快速的识别一句话当中的状语成分,并且把它们通顺的翻译出来,那如何识别状语呢?一句话当中除了句子的主干和定语以外,其他的部分都可以认为是状语。在句子中见到以下的一坨东西就一定是状语:
1)副词 比较 条件 结果 原因 让步 目的 方式 伴随
在分析长难句的时候见到n+时间/地点,就需要区别定语还是状语了
I love a boy in Zhejiang University.
如果无法确定是定语还是状语的时候,定语优先原则。,只有翻译成定语读起来巨恶心无比的时候才翻译成状语。
从句和动词不定式充当主语,通常都把他们放到句末去,加it来作形式主语。