学习Spring IOC

第一步，在pom中添加依赖

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

<version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

配置实体类信息 User

<bean id="user" class="demo.entity.User">
    <property name="id" value="1001"></property>
    <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
</bean>

测试类（记得导包）

public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        //配置文件中获取应用程序上下分
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("benas.xml");
        //在ioc容器中获取对象，注入
        User uu = (User) context.getBean("user"); //这里需要强转
        System.out.println(uu.toString());   //打印
    }
}

注解:

@Component：任意类的注入

@Repository：标识在dao类上

@Service：标识在Service类上

@Controller：标识在控制器类上

@Autowired：注入数据的注解

@Scope：指定bean的作用范围，常用取值单例，多例

@Configuration：指定当前类是一个spring配置类，创建容器时会从该类上加载注解，获取容器时需要使用AnnotationApplicationContext（需要.class）

@ComponentScan：指定spring在初始化容器是要扫描的包（属性：basepackages 用于指定要扫描的包）

创建一个User实体类

通过注解使用IOC

练习1：

package demo.entity;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class User {

    public void say(){
        System.out.println("张三和李四");
    }
}

在benas.xml中扫描注解类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!-- 扫描注解类 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="demo"/>
</beans>

测试类

import demo.entity.User;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //读取配置文件
        ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");

        //从容器中获取User对象
        User user= (User) context.getBean("user");
        user.say();
    }
}

---

练习2：

创建一个Dao类

package demo.dao;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class UserDao {

    public void say(){
        System.out.println("Hello World!");
    }
}

创建一个Service类

package demo.service;

import demo.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;
    public void say(){
        userDao.say();
    }
}

xml中扫描注解类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!-- 扫描注解类 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="demo"/>
</beans>

创建一个测试类

public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        UserService userService=(UserService) context.getBean("userService");
        
        userService.say();
    }
}

@Scope多例

public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        UserService userService=(UserService) context.getBean("userService");
        UserService userService1=(UserService) context.getBean("userService");
        System.out.println(userService);
        System.out.println(userService1);
    }
}

练习3：

@Configuration定义配置类 @ComponentScan扫描注解

配置类：

package demo.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration  //定义本类为配置类
@ComponentScan({"demo"}) //扫描注解
public class SpringConfig {
}

实体类：

package demo.dao;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component 
public class UserDao {

    public void say(){
        System.out.println("Hello World!");
    }
}

测试类：

package demo;

import demo.config.SpringConfig;
import demo.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context=new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
        UserDao dao= (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
        dao.say();
    }
}