【JavaWeb】Servlet系列——使用纯Servlet做一个单表的CRUD操作（实际操作实现篇）

胖虎不秃头

已于 2022-06-29 19:53:41 修改

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分类专栏： Java Web 文章标签： java servlet html

于 2022-06-29 19:53:17 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_61163395/article/details/125528099

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1、首页信息

使用纯Servlet做一个单表的CRUD操作，这是单表的List页面

通过查询数据库，通过response.getWriter方法得到一个流将前端页面代码和数据都展示在List页面上（浏览器通过解析能响应出相应的页面），由于只使用了纯Servlet，前端代码写在后端程序当中，非常痛苦。

package com.bjpowernode.oa.web.action;

import com.bjpowernode.oa.utils.DBUtil;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class DeptListServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();

        out.print("<!DOCTYPE html>");
        out.print("<html>");
        out.print("	<head>");
        out.print("		<meta charset='utf-8'>");
        out.print("		<title>部门列表页面</title>");
        out.print("	</head>");
        out.print("	<body>");

        out.print("<script type='text/javascript'>");
        out.print("    function del(dno){");
        out.print("        if(window.confirm('亲，删了不可恢复哦！')){");
        out.print("            document.location.href = '"+contextPath+"/dept/delete?deptno='+dno");
        out.print("        }");
        out.print("    }");
        out.print("</script>");

        out.print("");
        out.print("		<h1 align='center'>部门列表</h1>");
        out.print("		<hr >");
        out.print("		<table border='1px' align='center' width='50%'>");
        out.print("			<tr>");
        out.print("				<th>序号</th>");
        out.print("				<th>部门编号</th>");
        out.print("				<th>部门名称</th>");
        out.print("				<th>操作</th>");
        out.print("			</tr>");
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = DBUtil.getConnertion();
            String sql = "select deptno as a,dname,loc from dept";
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            rs = ps.executeQuery();
            int i = 0;
            while(rs.next()){
                String deptno = rs.getString("a");
                String dname = rs.getString("dname");
                String loc = rs.getString("loc");
                out.print("<tr>");
                out.print("	<td>"+(++i)+"</td>");
                out.print("	<td>"+deptno+"</td>");
                out.print("	<td>"+dname+"</td>");

                out.print("	<td>");
                out.print("		<a href='javascript:void(0)' onclick='del("+deptno+")'>删除</a>");
                out.print("		<a href='"+contextPath+"/dept/edit?deptno="+deptno+"'>修改</a>");
                out.print("		<a href='"+contextPath+"/dept/detail?deptno="+deptno+"'>详情</a>");
                out.print("	</td>");
                out.print("</tr>");
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }  finally {
            DBUtil.close(conn,ps,rs);
        }
        out.print("		</table>");
        out.print("		<hr >");
        out.print("		<a href='"+contextPath+"/add.html'>新增部门</a>");
        out.print("	</body>");
        out.print("</html>");
    }
}

2、查看操作

这一个动态获取部门信息的操作，前端发送请求后，在URL当中向后端传送了name和value信息，后端拿到这些信息后，通过数据库的查询，将其完整的信息响应到页面当中，在后退这个按钮当中使用了js代码

package com.bjpowernode.oa.web.action;

import com.bjpowernode.oa.utils.DBUtil;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class DeptDetailServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        Connection conn = null;

        out.print("<!DOCTYPE html>");
        out.print("<html>");
        out.print("    <head>");
        out.print("        <meta charset='utf-8'>");
        out.print("        <title>部门详情</title>");
        out.print("    </head>");
        out.print("    <body>");
        out.print("        <h1>部门详情</h1>");
        out.print("        <hr >");

        String deptno = request.getParameter("deptno");
        try {
            conn = DBUtil.getConnertion();
            String sql = "select dname,loc from dept where deptno = ?";
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            ps.setString(1,deptno);
            rs = ps.executeQuery();
            while(rs.next()){
                String dname = rs.getString("dname");
                String loc = rs.getString("loc");
                out.print("                部门编号："+deptno+" <br>");
                out.print("                部门名称："+dname+"<br>");
                out.print("                部门位置："+loc+"<br>");
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            DBUtil.close(conn,ps,rs);
        }
        out.print("<input type='button' value='后退' onclick='window.history.back()'/>");
        out.print("    </body>");
        out.print("</html>");
    }
}

3、删除操作

这里使用了js代码，让用户确认是否真正删除，点击删除超链接后同样也会将name和value信息传到后端，当中后端通过sql语句完成数据的删除，删除后立即通过资源的转发跳转到了list页面

package com.bjpowernode.oa.web.action;

import com.bjpowernode.oa.utils.DBUtil;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class DeptDelServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String deptno = request.getParameter("deptno");

        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        int count = 0;
        try {
            conn = DBUtil.getConnertion();
            conn.setAutoCommit(false);
            String sql = "delete from dept where deptno = ?";
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            ps.setString(1,deptno);
            count = ps.executeUpdate();
            conn.commit();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            if (conn != null) {
                try {
                    conn.rollback();
                } catch (SQLException e1) {
                    e1.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            DBUtil.close(conn,ps,null);
        }
        if (count == 1) {
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/dept/list").forward(request,response);
        }else{
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/error.html").forward(request,response);
        }
    }
}

4、修改操作

第一步：用户在list页面点击修改超链接后，同样在URL中像后端发送需要修改的部门编号，后端通过getparameter方法拿到这些信息后，查询数据库，连同前端代码，一起响应到网页当中。

package com.bjpowernode.oa.web.action;

import com.bjpowernode.oa.utils.DBUtil;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class DeptEditServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        out.print("<!DOCTYPE html>");
        out.print("<html>");
        out.print("	<head>");
        out.print("		<meta charset='utf-8'>");
        out.print("		<title>修改部门</title>");
        out.print("	</head>");
        out.print("	<body>");
        out.print("		<h1>修改部门</h1>");
        out.print("		<hr >");
        out.print("		<form action='"+contextPath+"/dept/modify' method='post'>");

        String deptno = request.getParameter("deptno");
        try {
            conn = DBUtil.getConnertion();
            String sql = "select dname,loc from dept where deptno = ?";
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            ps.setString(1,deptno);
            rs = ps.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next()) {
                String dname = rs.getString("dname");
                String loc = rs.getString("loc");
                out.print("                部门编号<input type='text' name='deptno' value='"+deptno+"' readonly /><br>");
                out.print("                部门名称<input type='text' name='dname' value='"+dname+"'/><br>");
                out.print("                部门位置<input type='text' name='loc' value='"+loc+"'/><br>");
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            DBUtil.close(conn,ps,rs);
        }

        out.print("			<input type='submit' value='修改'/><br>");
        out.print("		</form>");
        out.print("	</body>");
        out.print("</html>");
    }
}

第二步：点击修改按钮之后，再通过另一个service完成数据的真正修改操作。最后跳转到list页面

package com.bjpowernode.oa.web.action;

import com.bjpowernode.oa.utils.DBUtil;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class DeptModifyServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        String deptno = request.getParameter("deptno");
        String dname = request.getParameter("dname");
        String loc = request.getParameter("loc");
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        int count = 0;
        try {
            conn = DBUtil.getConnertion();
            String sql = "update dept set dname = ?, loc = ? where deptno = ?";
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            ps.setString(1, dname);
            ps.setString(2, loc);
            ps.setString(3, deptno);
            count = ps.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            DBUtil.close(conn, ps, null);
        }

        if (count == 1) {
            // 更新成功
            // 跳转到部门列表页面（部门列表页面是通过Java程序动态生成的，所以还需要再次执行另一个Servlet）
            //request.getRequestDispatcher("/dept/list").forward(request, response);

            response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/dept/list");
        }else{
            // 更新失败
            //request.getRequestDispatcher("/error.html").forward(request, response);
            response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/error.html");
        }
    }
}

5、增加操作

不知何种问题，无法打开新增部门超链接跳转的页面，404报错

主要实现思想：与修改类似，不再赘述。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title>新增部门</title>
	</head>
	<body>
		<h1>新增部门</h1>
		<hr >
		<form action="/oa/dept/save" method="post">
			部门编号<input type="text" name="deptno"/><br>
			部门名称<input type="text" name="dname"/><br>
			部门位置<input type="text" name="loc"/><br>
			<input type="submit" value="保存"/><br>
		</form>
	</body>
</html>

package com.bjpowernode.oa.web.action;

import com.bjpowernode.oa.utils.DBUtil;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class DeptSaveServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        Connection conn =null;
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        String deptno = request.getParameter("deptno");
        String dename = request.getParameter("dename");
        String loc = request.getParameter("loc");
        int count = 0;
        try {
            conn = DBUtil.getConnertion();
            String sql ="insert into dept(deptname,dename,loc) value(?,?,?)";
            conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            ps.setString(1,deptno);
            ps.setString(2,dename);
            ps.setString(3,loc);
            count = ps.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            DBUtil.close(conn,ps,null);
        }
        if (count ==1) {
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/dept/list").forward(request,response);
        }else{
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/error.html").forward(request,response);
        }
    }
}

6、DBUtil工具类

手写了DBUtil工具类，封装了一部分的jdbc连接数据库操作，大大减少了代码量

package com.bjpowernode.oa.utils;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;

public class DBUtil {
    private static ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("resources.jdbc");
    private static String driver = bundle.getString("driver");
    private static String url = bundle.getString("url");
    private static String user = bundle.getString("user");
    private static String password = bundle.getString("password");
    static {
        //注册驱动
        try {
            Class.forName(driver);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //获取连接
    public static Connection getConnertion() throws SQLException {
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        return conn;
    }
    //释放资源
    public static void close(Connection conn, Statement ps, ResultSet rs){
        if (rs != null) {
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (ps != null) {
            try {
                ps.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (conn != null) {
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

7、配置文件

路径配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--修改部门-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>modify</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.bjpowernode.oa.web.action.DeptModifyServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>modify</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/dept/modify</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--查看部门列表-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>List</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.bjpowernode.oa.web.action.DeptListServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>List</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/dept/list</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--查看部门详细信息-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>Detail</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.bjpowernode.oa.web.action.DeptDetailServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Detail</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/dept/detail</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--删除部门-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>Del</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.bjpowernode.oa.web.action.DeptDelServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Del</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/dept/delete</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--跳转到修改页面-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>Edit</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.bjpowernode.oa.web.action.DeptEditServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Edit</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/dept/edit</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--保存部门-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>save</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.bjpowernode.oa.web.action.DeptSaveServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>save</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/dept/save</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

资源配置文件

driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bjpowernode
user=root
password=123456

8、IDEA整体目录结构

9、遇到的问题

已解决

配置文件绑定错误

配置文件class类路径错误

配置文件忘记写路径

js当中路径中，变量在字符串中的格式错误

sql语句错误，忘记加条件，导致数据显示错误

post用doPost接收，不要用doGet

未解决

WEB-INF下的lib添加mysql 驱动jar包之后，一定还需要在TomCat的lib下也添加mysql驱动jar包吗，为什么有的不在TomCat的lib下添加mysql驱动jar包也能访问到数据库的数据，有的必须添加jar包才能访问到数据。

404错误，未找出，导致增加操作的页面无法打开

胖虎不秃头

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【JavaWeb】Servlet系列——使用纯Servlet做一个单表的CRUD操作（实际操作实现篇）

使用纯Servlet做一个单表的CRUD操作，这是单表的List页面通过查询数据库，通过response.getWriter方法得到一个流将前端页面代码和数据都展示在List页面上（浏览器通过解析能响应出相应的页面），由于只使用了纯Servlet，前端代码写在后端程序当中，非常痛苦。2、查看操作这一个动态获取部门信息的操作，前端发送请求后，在URL当中向后端传送了name和value信息，后端拿到这些信息后，通过数据库的查询，将其完整的信息响应到页面当中，在后退这个按钮当中使用了js代码
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