使用数据库帮助器编码的时候,开发者每次都得手工实现以下代码逻辑:
(1)重写数据库帮助器的onCreate方法,添加该表的建表语句;(2)在插入记录之时,必须将数据实例的属性值逐一赋给该表的各字段;(3)在查询记录之时,必须遍历结果集游标,把各字段值逐一赋给数据实例;(4)每次读写操作之前,都要先开启数据库连接;读写操作之后,又要关闭数据库连接;
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实体类 BookInfo:
package com.example.myapplication.entity;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.room.Entity;
import androidx.room.PrimaryKey;
//书籍信息
@Entity
public class BookInfo
{
@PrimaryKey // 该字段是主键,不能重复
@NonNull // 主键必须是非空字段
private String name; // 书籍名称
private String author; // 作者
private String press; // 出版社
private double price; // 价格
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return this.author;
}
public void setPress(String press) {
this.press = press;
}
public String getPress() {
return this.press;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public double getPrice() {
return this.price;
}
}
持久化类BookDao:
package com.example.myapplication.dao;
import androidx.room.Dao;
import androidx.room.Delete;
import androidx.room.Insert;
import androidx.room.OnConflictStrategy;
import androidx.room.Query;
import androidx.room.Update;
import com.example.myapplication.entity.BookInfo;
import java.util.List;
@Dao
public interface BookDao
{
@Query("SELECT * FROM BookInfo") // 设置查询语句
List<BookInfo> queryAllBook(); // 加载所有书籍信息
@Query("SELECT * FROM BookInfo WHERE name = :name") // 设置带条件的查询语句
BookInfo queryBookByName(String name); // 根据名字加载书籍
@Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE) // 记录重复时替换原记录
void insertOneBook(BookInfo book); // 插入一条书籍信息
@Insert
void insertBookList(List<BookInfo> bookList); // 插入多条书籍信息
@Update(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE)// 出现重复记录时替换原记录
int updateBook(BookInfo book); // 更新书籍信息
@Delete
void deleteBook(BookInfo book); // 删除书籍信息
@Query("DELETE FROM BookInfo WHERE 1=1") // 设置删除语句
void deleteAllBook(); // 删除所有书籍信息
}
数据库类 bookDatabase:
package com.example.myapplication.database;
import androidx.room.Database;
import androidx.room.RoomDatabase;
import com.example.myapplication.dao.BookDao;
import com.example.myapplication.entity.BookInfo;
//entities表示该数据库有哪些表,version表示数据库的版本号
//exportSchema表示是否导出数据库信息的json串,建议设为false,若设为true还需指定json文件的保存路径
@Database(entities = {BookInfo.class},version = 1, exportSchema = false)
public abstract class BookDatabase extends RoomDatabase
{
// 获取该数据库中某张表的持久化对象
public abstract BookDao bookDao();
}
在自定义的Application类中声明书籍数据库的唯一实例:
package com.example.myapplication;
import android.app.Application;
import android.util.Log;
import androidx.room.Room;
import com.example.myapplication.database.BookDatabase;
import java.util.HashMap;
public class MainApplication extends Application
{
private final static String TAG = "MainApplication";
private static MainApplication mApp; // 声明一个当前应用的静态实例
// 声明一个公共的信息映射对象,可当作全局变量使用
public HashMap<String, String> infoMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
public static int goodsCount = 0;
private BookDatabase bookDatabase; // 声明一个书籍数据库对象
// 利用单例模式获取当前应用的唯一实例
public static MainApplication getInstance()
{
return mApp;
}
@Override
public void onCreate()
{
super.onCreate();
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate");
mApp = this; // 在打开应用时对静态的应用实例赋值
// 构建书籍数据库的实例
bookDatabase = Room.databaseBuilder(mApp, BookDatabase.class,"BookInfo")
.addMigrations() // 允许迁移数据库(发生数据库变更时,Room默认删除原数据库再创建新数据库。如此一来原来的记录会丢失,故而要改为迁移方式以便保存原有记录)
.allowMainThreadQueries() // 允许在主线程中操作数据库(Room默认不能在主线程中操作数据库)
.build();
}
@Override
public void onTerminate()
{
super.onTerminate();
Log.d(TAG, "onTerminate");
}
// 获取书籍数据库的实例
public BookDatabase getBookDB()
{
return bookDatabase;
}
}
写布局:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="5dp" >
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center"
android:text=" 书名:"
android:textColor="@color/black"
android:textSize="17sp" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_name"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginBottom="3dp"
android:layout_marginTop="3dp"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_name"
android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"
android:gravity="left|center"
android:hint="请输入书籍名称"
android:inputType="text"
android:maxLength="30"
android:textColor="@color/black"
android:textSize="17sp" />
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_author"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center"
android:text=" 作者:"
android:textColor="@color/black"
android:textSize="17sp" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_author"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginBottom="3dp"
android:layout_marginTop="3dp"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_author"
android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"
android:gravity="left|center"
android:hint="请输入作者姓名"
android:inputType="text"
android:maxLength="10"
android:textColor="@color/black"
android:textSize="17sp" />
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_press"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="出版社:"
android:textColor="@color/black"
android:textSize="17sp" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_press"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginBottom="3dp"
android:layout_marginTop="3dp"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_press"
android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"
android:gravity="left|center"
android:hint="请输入出版社名称"
android:inputType="text"
android:maxLength="20"
android:textColor="@color/black"
android:textSize="17sp" />
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_price"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center"
android:text=" 价格:"
android:textColor="@color/black"
android:textSize="17sp" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_price"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginBottom="3dp"
android:layout_marginTop="3dp"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_price"
android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"
android:gravity="left|center"
android:hint="请输入书籍价格"
android:inputType="numberDecimal"
android:maxLength="6"
android:textColor="@color/black"
android:textSize="17sp" />
</RelativeLayout>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_save"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="保存到数据库"
android:textColor="@color/black"
android:textSize="17sp" />
</LinearLayout>
写代码:
package com.example.myapplication;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import com.example.myapplication.dao.BookDao;
import com.example.myapplication.entity.BookInfo;
public class RoomWriteActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private EditText et_name;
private EditText et_author;
private EditText et_press;
private EditText et_price;
private BookDao bookDao; // 声明一个书籍的持久化对象
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_room_write);
et_name = findViewById(R.id.et_name);
et_author = findViewById(R.id.et_author);
et_press = findViewById(R.id.et_press);
et_price = findViewById(R.id.et_price);
findViewById(R.id.btn_save).setOnClickListener(this);
// 从App实例中获取唯一的书籍持久化对象
bookDao = MainApplication.getInstance().getBookDB().bookDao();
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_save) {
String name = et_name.getText().toString();
String author = et_author.getText().toString();
String press = et_press.getText().toString();
String price = et_price.getText().toString();
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(name)) {
ToastUtil.show(this, "请先填写书籍名称");
return;
} else if (TextUtils.isEmpty(author)) {
ToastUtil.show(this, "请先填写作者姓名");
return;
} else if (TextUtils.isEmpty(press)) {
ToastUtil.show(this, "请先填写出版社名称");
return;
} else if (TextUtils.isEmpty(price)) {
ToastUtil.show(this, "请先填写价格");
return;
}
// 以下声明一个书籍信息对象,并填写它的各字段值
BookInfo info = new BookInfo();
info.setName(name);
info.setAuthor(author);
info.setPress(press);
info.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(price));
bookDao.insertOneBook(info); // 往数据库插入一条书籍记录
ToastUtil.show(this, "数据已写入Room数据库");
}
}
}
读布局:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_delete"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="删除所有记录"
android:textColor="@color/black"
android:textSize="17sp" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_room"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:paddingLeft="5dp"
android:textColor="@color/black"
android:textSize="17sp" />
</LinearLayout>
读代码:
package com.example.myapplication;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.example.myapplication.dao.BookDao;
import com.example.myapplication.entity.BookInfo;
import java.util.List;
public class RoomReadActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener
{
private TextView tv_room;
private BookDao bookDao; // 声明一个书籍的持久化对象
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_room_read);
tv_room = findViewById(R.id.tv_room);
findViewById(R.id.btn_delete).setOnClickListener(this);
// 从App实例中获取唯一的书籍持久化对象
bookDao = MainApplication.getInstance().getBookDB().bookDao();
readRoom(); // 读取数据库中的所有书籍记录
}
// 读取数据库中的所有书籍记录
private void readRoom()
{
List<BookInfo> bookList = bookDao.queryAllBook(); // 获取所有书籍记录
String desc = String.format("数据库查询到%d条记录,详情如下:", bookList.size());
for (int i = 0; i < bookList.size(); i++)
{
BookInfo info = bookList.get(i);
desc = String.format("%s\n第%d条记录信息如下:", desc, i + 1);
desc = String.format("%s\n 书名为《%s》", desc, info.getName());
desc = String.format("%s\n 作者为%s", desc, info.getAuthor());
desc = String.format("%s\n 出版社为%s", desc, info.getPress());
desc = String.format("%s\n 价格为%f", desc, info.getPrice());
}
if (bookList.size() <= 0)
{
desc = "数据库查询到的记录为空";
}
tv_room.setText(desc);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_delete)
{
bookDao.deleteAllBook(); // 删除所有书籍记录
ToastUtil.show(this, "已删除所有记录");
readRoom(); // 读取数据库中的所有书籍记录
}
}
}
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