Android四大组件之一服务

概念

Service是Android系统中的四大组件之一，它是一种长生命周期的，没有可视化界面，运行于后台的一种服务程序。

A started service
被开启的service通过其他组件调用startService()被创建。
这种service可以无限地运行下去，必须调用stopSelf()方法或者其他组件调用stopService()方法来停止它。
当service被停止时，系统会销毁它。

A bound service
被绑定的service是当其他组件（一个客户）调用bindService()来创建的。
客户可以通过一个IBinder接口和service进行通信。
客户可以通过unbindService()方法来关闭这种连接。
一个service可以同时和多个客户绑定，当多个客户都解除绑定之后，系统会销毁service。

代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/start_service"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Start Service" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/stop_service"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Stop Service" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bind_service"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Bind Service" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/unbind_service"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Unbind Service" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/start_intent_service"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Start IntentService" />

</LinearLayout>

package com.example.servicetest;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

    private MyService.DownloadBinder downloadBinder;

    private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            downloadBinder = (MyService.DownloadBinder) service;
            downloadBinder.startDownload();
            downloadBinder.getProgress();
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button startService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_service);
        Button stopService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop_service);
        startService.setOnClickListener(this);
        stopService.setOnClickListener(this);
        Button bindService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bind_service);
        Button unbindService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.unbind_service);
        bindService.setOnClickListener(this);
        unbindService.setOnClickListener(this);
        Button startIntentService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_intent_service);
        startIntentService.setOnClickListener(this);
    }
//点击的事件
     @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.start_service:
                Intent startIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
                startService(startIntent); // 启动服务
                break;
            case R.id.stop_service:
                Intent stopIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
                stopService(stopIntent); // 停止服务
                break;
            case R.id.bind_service:
                Intent bindIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
                bindService(bindIntent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE); // 绑定服务
                break;
            case R.id.unbind_service:
                unbindService(connection); // 解绑服务
                break;
            case R.id.start_intent_service:
                // 打印主线程的id
                Log.d("MainActivity", "Thread id is " + Thread.currentThread(). getId());
                Intent intentService = new Intent(this, MyIntentService.class);
                startService(intentService);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

}

package com.example.servicetest;

import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyIntentService extends IntentService {

    public MyIntentService() {
        super("MyIntentService"); // 调用父类的有参构造函数
    }

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        // 打印当前线程的id
        Log.d("MyIntentService", "Thread id is " + Thread.currentThread(). getId());
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.d("MyIntentService", "onDestroy executed");
    }

}

package com.example.servicetest;

import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.support.v4.app.NotificationCompat;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyService extends Service {

    public MyService() {
    }

    private DownloadBinder mBinder = new DownloadBinder();

    class DownloadBinder extends Binder {

        public void startDownload() {
            Log.d("MyService", "startDownload executed");
        }

        public int getProgress() {
            Log.d("MyService", "getProgress executed");
            return 0;
        }

    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mBinder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.d("MyService", "onCreate executed");
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
        PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, 0);
        Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
                .setContentTitle("This is content title")
                .setContentText("This is content text")
                .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
                .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
                .setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_launcher))
                .setContentIntent(pi)
                .build();
        startForeground(1, notification);
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.d("MyService", "onStartCommand executed");
//        服务要干的活，对于耗时的任务，需要开一个线程来处理
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                int count = 0;
                 final String TAG = "MyService";
                for (int i = 0; i<3000000;i++){
                    count++;
                    if((count % 100) == 0){
                        Log.d(TAG,"run:count=" + count);
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();


        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.d("MyService", "onDestroy executed");
    }

}

service积极活动的生命时间（active lifetime）是从onStartCommand()或onBind()被调用开始，它们各自处理由startService()或bindService()方法传过来的Intent对象。
如果service是被开启的，那么它的活动生命周期和整个生命周期一同结束。
如果service是被绑定的，它们的活动生命周期是在onUnbind()方法返回后结束。

资料获取

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