概念
Service是Android系统中的四大组件之一,它是一种长生命周期的,没有可视化界面,运行于后台的一种服务程序。
A started service
被开启的service通过其他组件调用startService()被创建。
这种service可以无限地运行下去,必须调用stopSelf()方法或者其他组件调用stopService()方法来停止它。
当service被停止时,系统会销毁它。
A bound service
被绑定的service是当其他组件(一个客户)调用bindService()来创建的。
客户可以通过一个IBinder接口和service进行通信。
客户可以通过unbindService()方法来关闭这种连接。
一个service可以同时和多个客户绑定,当多个客户都解除绑定之后,系统会销毁service。
代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<Button
android:id="@+id/start_service"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Start Service" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/stop_service"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Stop Service" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/bind_service"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Bind Service" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/unbind_service"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Unbind Service" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/start_intent_service"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Start IntentService" />
</LinearLayout>
package com.example.servicetest;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
private MyService.DownloadBinder downloadBinder;
private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
}
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
downloadBinder = (MyService.DownloadBinder) service;
downloadBinder.startDownload();
downloadBinder.getProgress();
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button startService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_service);
Button stopService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop_service);
startService.setOnClickListener(this);
stopService.setOnClickListener(this);
Button bindService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bind_service);
Button unbindService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.unbind_service);
bindService.setOnClickListener(this);
unbindService.setOnClickListener(this);
Button startIntentService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_intent_service);
startIntentService.setOnClickListener(this);
}
//点击的事件
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.start_service:
Intent startIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
startService(startIntent); // 启动服务
break;
case R.id.stop_service:
Intent stopIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
stopService(stopIntent); // 停止服务
break;
case R.id.bind_service:
Intent bindIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
bindService(bindIntent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE); // 绑定服务
break;
case R.id.unbind_service:
unbindService(connection); // 解绑服务
break;
case R.id.start_intent_service:
// 打印主线程的id
Log.d("MainActivity", "Thread id is " + Thread.currentThread(). getId());
Intent intentService = new Intent(this, MyIntentService.class);
startService(intentService);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
package com.example.servicetest;
import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
public class MyIntentService extends IntentService {
public MyIntentService() {
super("MyIntentService"); // 调用父类的有参构造函数
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
// 打印当前线程的id
Log.d("MyIntentService", "Thread id is " + Thread.currentThread(). getId());
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d("MyIntentService", "onDestroy executed");
}
}
package com.example.servicetest;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.support.v4.app.NotificationCompat;
import android.util.Log;
public class MyService extends Service {
public MyService() {
}
private DownloadBinder mBinder = new DownloadBinder();
class DownloadBinder extends Binder {
public void startDownload() {
Log.d("MyService", "startDownload executed");
}
public int getProgress() {
Log.d("MyService", "getProgress executed");
return 0;
}
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.d("MyService", "onCreate executed");
Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, 0);
Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
.setContentTitle("This is content title")
.setContentText("This is content text")
.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_launcher))
.setContentIntent(pi)
.build();
startForeground(1, notification);
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.d("MyService", "onStartCommand executed");
// 服务要干的活,对于耗时的任务,需要开一个线程来处理
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
int count = 0;
final String TAG = "MyService";
for (int i = 0; i<3000000;i++){
count++;
if((count % 100) == 0){
Log.d(TAG,"run:count=" + count);
}
}
}
}).start();
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d("MyService", "onDestroy executed");
}
}
service积极活动的生命时间(active lifetime)是从onStartCommand()或onBind()被调用开始,它们各自处理由startService()或bindService()方法传过来的Intent对象。
如果service是被开启的,那么它的活动生命周期和整个生命周期一同结束。
如果service是被绑定的,它们的活动生命周期是在onUnbind()方法返回后结束。
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