python 列表

1.列表的创建：

        1.1创建一个普通列表

x=['张三','李四','王五','陈六']
print(x)
#['张三', '李四', '王五', '陈六']

        1.2使用range()函数创建列表

        

x=list(range(10))
print(x)
#[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

y=list(range(1,15,2))
print(y)
#[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13]

        1.3利用推导式创建列表

        

x=[0]*10
print(x)
#[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]



x=[i for i in range(10)]
print(x)
#[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]


x=[i**2 for i in range(10)]
print(x)
#[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

        1.4创建一个混合列表

        

x=[1,2,"mike",[50],[114]]
print(x)
#[1, 2, 'mike', [50], [114]]

2.列表的方法：

        2.1应用append()函数向列表中添加元素

x=[i for i in range(10)]
print(x)
#[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
x.append(15)
print(x)
#0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15]
x.append([1,2,3])
print(x)
#[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, [1, 2, 3]]

        2.2使用extend()函数向列表末尾一次性追加多个元素

        

x=[i for i in range(10)]
print(x)
#[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
y=[15,20,25]
x.extend(y)
print(x)
#[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 20, 25]

        2.3使用insert()函数向列表中某个位置插入元素

=[i for i in range(10)]
print(x)
#[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
x.insert(5,20)
print(x)
#[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 20, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
x.insert(7,[71,2,3])
print(x)
#[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 20, 5, [71, 2, 3], 6, 7, 8, 9]

        2.4list.remove()

x=[i for i in range(10)]
print(x)
#[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
x.remove(2)
print(x)
#[0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

y=[1,1,2,3,4,5,5,6]#若列表中有多个相同的值，remove（）会去掉第一个
y.remove(5)
print(y)
#[1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

        2.5 list.pop()默认去掉列表中的最后一个

x=[i for i in range(10)]
print(x)
#[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
x.pop()
print(x)
#[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

        2.6 list.count(temp)计算列表中temp出现的次数

                

x=[1,1,2,3,4,5,6,5,7,5,8,9]
print(x.count(5))
#3

        2.7 list.reverse()反转列表中的元素顺序

x=[i**2 for i in range(10)]
print(x)
#[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
x.reverse()
print(x)
#[81, 64, 49, 36, 25, 16, 9, 4, 1, 0]

        2.8 list.sort()对列表中的元素进行排序

x=[1,12,2,3,4,51,6,54,7,57,8,9]
print(x)
#[1, 12, 2, 3, 4, 51, 6, 54, 7, 57, 8, 9]
x.sort()#默认reverse=False
print(x)
#[1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 51, 54, 57]
x.sort(reverse=True)
print(x)
#[57, 54, 51, 12, 9, 8, 7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1]