如何使用 Python 发送带附件的电子邮件_python smtplib 发带附件的邮件-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_62140641/article/details/142206492

如何使用 Python 发送带附件的电子邮件

在之前的系列文章中，我们已经讨论了如何配置和使用 SMTP 与 IMAP 服务来发送和接收电子邮件，并提供了如何在 Gmail 和 QQ 邮箱中启用这些服务的具体步骤。为了方便读者了解完整的背景信息，这里我们将提供前几篇文章的链接：

在这篇文章中，我们将详细介绍如何使用 Python 的 smtplib 模块以及 email 库来构建和发送带有附件的电子邮件。

示例代码

import os
import smtplib
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
from urllib.parse import quote

"""
EMAIL_HOST: SMTP 服务器地址
EMAIL_PORT: SMTP 服务器端口
EMAIL_USER: 登录 SMTP 服务器的账号
EMAIL_AUTH: 登录 SMTP 服务器的授权码
"""

# 邮件服务器配置
smtp_configs = {
    'qq': {
        'host': 'smtp.qq.com',                  # 邮件服务器域名（自行修改）
        'port': 465,                            # 邮件服务端口（通常是465）
        'user': 'user@qq.com',         			# 登录邮件服务器的账号（自行修改）
        'auth': 'your_authcode'              	# 开通SMTP服务的授权码（自行修改）（不是填入QQ的密码）
    },
    'gmail': {
        'host': 'smtp.gmail.com',               # 邮件服务器域名（自行修改）
        'port': 587,                            # 邮件服务端口（通常是587）
        'user': 'user@gmail.com',      			# 登录邮件服务器的账号（自行修改）
        'auth': 'your_authcode'              	# 配置IMAP/SMTP服务的授权码（应用密码）（需要去谷歌配置）
    }
}

# 定义函数来发送电子邮件
def send_email(*, Sender, Recipient, Subject='', Content='', Attachment=[], Service='qq'):
    try:
        print("开始构建邮件...")
        email = MIMEMultipart()
        email['From'] = Sender
        email['To'] = Recipient
        email['Subject'] = Header(Subject, 'utf-8')

        message = MIMEText(Content, 'plain', 'utf-8')
        email.attach(message)

        for filename in Attachment:
            with open(filename, 'rb') as file:
                attachment = MIMEApplication(file.read(), Name=os.path.basename(filename))
                attachment['Content-Disposition'] = f'attachment; filename="{quote(os.path.basename(filename))}"'
                email.attach(attachment)

        print("邮件构建完成，准备发送...")

        config = smtp_configs.get(Service)
        if not config:
            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported email Service provider: {Service}")

        EMAIL_HOST = config['host']
        EMAIL_PORT = config['port']
        EMAIL_USER = config['user']
        EMAIL_AUTH = config['auth']

        if EMAIL_PORT == 465:
            smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(EMAIL_HOST, EMAIL_PORT)
        else:
            smtp = smtplib.SMTP(EMAIL_HOST, EMAIL_PORT)
            smtp.starttls()  # 启用 TLS 加密

        smtp.login(EMAIL_USER, EMAIL_AUTH)
        smtp.sendmail(Sender, Recipient.split(';'), email.as_string())
        print("邮件发送成功")
    except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError:
        print("SMTP Authentication Error: Please check your credentials.")
    except smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected:
        print("SMTP Server Disconnected: Please check your network connection and server settings.")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"An error occurred: {e}")
    finally:
        smtp.quit()
        print("SMTP会话已关闭。")
        
"""
发送邮件

:param Sender:      发件人（可包含名称和邮箱地址）
:param Recipient:   收件人，多个收件人用英文分号进行分隔
:param Subject:     邮件的主题
:param Content:     邮件正文内容
:param Attachment:  附件要发送的文件路径列表
"""

# 调用函数发送 Gmail 邮箱邮件
send_email(
    Sender = '发件人<user@gmail.com>',
    Recipient = '收件人<recipient1@gmail.com>;recipient2@qq.com',
    Subject = '邮件的主题',
    Content = '邮件正文内容',
    Attachment = ['附件要发送的文件路径列表'],
    Service='gmail'
)

# 调用函数发送 QQ 邮箱邮件
send_email(
    Sender = 'GLNG<user@qq.com>',
    Recipient = 'Gwyn Winthrop<recipient@qq.com>',
    Subject = 'Invitation to the Annual Conference',
    Content = '''
                Dear Mr. Doe,

                We would like to formally invite you to attend our annual conference on innovation and technology, which will be held on October 20th at the Grand Convention Center. Your expertise in this field would be greatly appreciated by all attendees.

                Please find attached the agenda for the conference and an RSVP form for confirming your attendance.

                We look forward to your participation and hope to see you there.

                Kind regards,

                Jane Smith
    ''',
    Attachment = ['./path/to/attachment1', './path/to/attachment2'],
    Service='qq'
)