在Java持久化操作中,JPQL(Java Persistence Query Language)是一种强大的查询语言,它允许开发者以面向对象的方式执行数据库操作。本文将深入探讨JPQL中的DELETE操作,并通过一个具体的实例来展示如何在实际项目中应用这一功能。
JPQL DELETE 概述
JPQL DELETE操作用于从数据库中删除实体对象。其基本语法如下:
DELETE FROM entity_name [[AS] identification_variable] [where_clause]
需要注意的是,DELETE操作只能在事务中执行,并且只有在事务提交后,其他用户才能看到更改。
实体类定义
首先,我们定义一个Employee
实体类,它包含id、name、salary和dept等属性。
@Entity
public class Employee {
@GeneratedValue
private long id;
private String name;
private double salary;
private String dept;
// 省略构造函数、getter和setter方法
}
执行DELETE操作
接下来,我们将通过一个示例来展示如何执行DELETE操作。示例中包含了添加员工、查询所有员工、按名称删除员工、查询所有员工、删除所有员工以及再次查询所有员工的步骤。
public class ExampleMain {
private static EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory =
Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("example-unit");
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
persistEmployees();
findAllEmployees();
deleteEmployeeByName();
findAllEmployees();
deleteAllEmployees();
findAllEmployees();
} finally {
entityManagerFactory.close();
}
}
public static void persistEmployees() {
// 省略添加员工的代码
}
private static void findAllEmployees() {
EntityManager em = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
System.out.println("-- All employees --");
Query query = em.createQuery("SELECT e FROM Employee e");
List<Employee> resultList = query.getResultList();
System.out.println("Employees count: " + resultList.size());
resultList.forEach(System.out::println);
em.close();
}
private static void deleteEmployeeByName() {
System.out.println("-- delete employee by name 'Mike' --");
EntityManager em = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
em.getTransaction().begin();
Query query = em.createQuery("DELETE FROM Employee e WHERE e.name = :employeeName ");
query.setParameter("employeeName", "Mike");
int rowsDeleted = query.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("entities deleted: " + rowsDeleted);
em.getTransaction().commit();
em.close();
}
private static void deleteAllEmployees() {
System.out.println("-- delete all employees --");
EntityManager em = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
em.getTransaction().begin();
Query query = em.createQuery("DELETE FROM Employee e ");
int rowsDeleted = query.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("entities deleted: " + rowsDeleted);
em.getTransaction().commit();
em.close();
}
}
示例输出
以下是执行上述代码后的部分输出结果:
-- All employees --
Employees count: 5
Employee{id=1, name='Diana', salary=2000.0, dept='IT'}
Employee{id=2, name='Rose', salary=3500.0, dept='Admin'}
...
-- delete employee by name 'Mike' --
entities deleted: 1
-- All employees --
Employees count: 4
...
-- delete all employees --
entities deleted: 4
-- All employees --
Employees count: 0
项目依赖和技术栈
本示例项目使用了以下依赖和技术:
- h2 1.4.197: H2数据库引擎。
- hibernate-core 5.3.1.Final: Hibernate的核心ORM功能。
- 实现了javax.persistence:javax.persistence-api版本2.2。
- JDK 1.8
- Maven 3.5.4
通过本文的深入解析和实例演示,相信读者对JPQL DELETE操作有了更加清晰的理解。在实际开发中,合理运用JPQL可以极大地提高数据操作的效率和灵活性。