在Java的持久化操作中,CriteriaBuilder
接口提供了丰富的算术方法,使得我们可以在查询时对数据进行复杂的数学运算。本文将通过一个实际的例子,详细解释CriteriaBuilder
中的算术方法,并展示如何在实际项目中应用这些方法。
CriteriaBuilder算术方法概览
CriteriaBuilder
接口定义了多种算术方法,包括求相反数、绝对值、求和、乘积、差值、商、模以及开方等。这些方法可以在构建JPA查询时直接使用,使得我们可以在数据库层面进行复杂的数学运算,而无需在应用层进行处理。
实例分析
假设我们有一个Employee
实体类,包含id
、name
、salary
和dept
等属性。我们将通过几个实例来展示如何使用CriteriaBuilder
的算术方法。
1. 计算平均工资的正差值
首先,我们计算所有员工的平均工资,然后计算每个员工的工资与平均工资的正差值。
private static void findAbsoluteDifferenceWithAvgSalary() {
System.out.println("-- Find salaries' positive difference with average salary --");
Double avgSal = getAverageSalary();
System.out.println("Average Salary: " + avgSal);
EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Object[]> query = criteriaBuilder.createQuery(Object[].class);
Root<Employee> employeeRoot = query.from(Employee.class);
query.multiselect(employeeRoot.get(Employee_.NAME),
criteriaBuilder.abs(
criteriaBuilder.diff(employeeRoot.get(Employee_.salary), avgSal)
)
);
entityManager.createQuery(query).getResultList()
.forEach(arr -> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr)));
entityManager.close();
}
2. 计算工资的标准差
标准差是衡量数据分布的统计量,我们可以通过以下步骤计算工资的标准差:
private static void findStandardDeviationOfSalaries() {
System.out.println("-- Find salaries' standard deviation --");
Double avgSal = getAverageSalary();
EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Double> queryDeviationSum = criteriaBuilder.createQuery(Double.class);
Root<Employee> employeeRoot = queryDeviationSum.from(Employee.class);
Expression<Double> salDiffWithAvgSal = criteriaBuilder.diff(employeeRoot.get(Employee_.salary), avgSal);
queryDeviationSum.select(criteriaBuilder.sqrt(
criteriaBuilder.sum(criteriaBuilder.prod(salDiffWithAvgSal, salDiffWithAvgSal))));
Double deviationSum = entityManager.createQuery(queryDeviationSum).getSingleResult();
CriteriaQuery<Double> querySampleSizeSquaredRoot = criteriaBuilder.createQuery(Double.class);
Root<Employee> employeeRoot2 = querySampleSizeSquaredRoot.from(Employee.class);
querySampleSizeSquaredRoot.select(criteriaBuilder.sqrt(criteriaBuilder.count(employeeRoot2)));
Double sampleSizeSquaredRoot = entityManager.createQuery(querySampleSizeSquaredRoot).getSingleResult();
Double standardDeviation = deviationSum / sampleSizeSquaredRoot;
System.out.println("standard deviation: " + standardDeviation);
entityManager.close();
}
3. 计算最接近1000的工资
我们可以使用mod()
方法来计算每个员工的工资与1000的差值,从而找出最接近1000的工资。
private static void findSalariesNearestToThousands() {
System.out.println("-- Find salaries nearest to 1000 using mod() --");
EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Object[]> query = criteriaBuilder.createQuery(Object[].class);
Root<Employee> employeeRoot = query.from(Employee.class);
query.multiselect(employeeRoot.get(Employee_.NAME),
criteriaBuilder.diff(
employeeRoot.get(Employee_.SALARY),
criteriaBuilder.mod(employeeRoot.get(Employee_.SALARY), 1000)
)
);
List<Object[]> resultList = entityManager.createQuery(query).getResultList();
resultList.forEach(o -> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(o)));
entityManager.close();
}
项目依赖和技术栈
hibernate-core 5.4.1.Final
: Hibernate的核心ORM功能。hibernate-jpamodelgen 5.4.1.Final
: 注解处理器,用于生成JPA 2静态元模型类。h2 1.4.198
: H2数据库引擎。JDK 1.8
Maven 3.5.4
通过上述实例,我们可以看到CriteriaBuilder
的算术方法在实际项目中的应用,它们可以帮助我们在数据库层面进行复杂的数学运算,提高数据处理的效率和准确性。