Ansible第五章：ansible中的任务执行控制

一.循环
循环迭代任务
1.简单循环
loop:        ##赋值列表
  - value1
  - value2
  - ...

{{item}}      ##迭代变量名称
 

 练习题：

 

 2.循环散列或字典列表

 实验：

vim test.yml
  - name: test
    hosts: westos
    tasks:
      - name: check device
        lineinfile:
          path: /mnt/device
          line: "{{item.name}}={{item.size}}"
          create: yes
        loop:
          - name: vda
            size: "{{ansible_facts['devices']['vda']['size'] | default('none') }}"
          - name: vdb
            size: "{{ansible_facts['devices']['vdb']['size'] | default('none') }}"

ansible-playbook test.yml

---

！！练习题

vim test.yml
 - name: test
   hosts: westos
   tasks:
     - name: check device
       get_url:
         url: http://172.25.254.250/RHCE_EXAM/files/hwreport.empty
         dest: /mnt/hwreport.txt
         force: yes

     - name: lineinfile
       lineinfile:
         path: /mnt/hwreport.txt
         regexp: "{{item.name}}"
         line: "{{item.name}}={{item.message}}"
       loop:
         - name: HOST
           message: "{{ansible_facts['fqdn']}}"
         - name: MEMERY
           message: "{{ansible_facts['memtotal_mb']}}MB"
         - name: BIOS
           message: "{{ansible_facts['bios_version']}}"
         - name: DISK_SIZE_VDA
           message: "{{ansible_facts['devices']['vda']['size'] | default('none') }}"
         - name: DISK_SIZE_VDB
           message: "{{ansible_facts['devices']['vdb']['size'] | default('none') }}"

ansible-playbook test.yml 

 

---

二.条件
when:
  - 条件1
  - 条件2

条件判断
=            value == "字符串",value == 数字
<            value <  数字
>            value >  数字
<=            value <= 数字
>=            value >= 数字 
!=            value != 数字
is defined value    value is defined    变量存在
is not defined        value is not defined    变量不存在
in                      value is in value       变量为    
not in                  value is not in value   变量不为
bool变量 为true        value            value的值为true
bool变量 false        not value        value的值为false
            value in value2        value的值在value2列表中

练习：检测受控机文件是否存在

vim test.yml
  
  - name: test
    hosts: westos
    tasks:
      - name:
        shell: test -e /mnt/file
        register: dnfout
        ignore_errors: yes

      - name:
        debug:
          msg: /mnt/file is not exist
        when: dnfout.rc != 0

      - name:
        debug:
          msg: /mnt/file is exist
        when: dnfout.rc == 0

ansible-playbook test.yml

三.触发器
notify:          触发器当遇到更改时触发handlers

handlers：    触发器触发后执行的动作

 实验：

vim apache.yml
  - name:
    hosts: westos
    tasks:
      - name: install httpd
        dnf:
          name: httpd
          state: present

      - name: configure httpd.conf
        lineinfile:
          path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
          regexp: "^Listen"
          line: "Listen 80"
        notify:   #触发器当遇到更改时触发handlers
          configure httpd     #必须和handlers底下name的名称一样

    handlers:   #触发器触发后执行的动作
      - name: configure httpd
        service:
          name: httpd
          state: restarted
          enabled: yes

补充： 触发器没有遇到更改时就不会触发也就不会执行下边的动作，遇到更改时会触发且执行下边的动作

 四.处理失败任务
1.ignore_errors
作用：当play遇到任务失败是会终止
ignore_errors: yes    将会忽略任务失败使下面的任务继续运行

#实例#
- name: test
  dnf:
    name: westos
    state: latest
  ignore_errors: yes
  
- name: create file
  file:
    path: /mnt/westos
    state: touch

2.force_handlers
作用： 当任务失败后play被终止也会调用触发器进程

 name: apache change port
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  force_handlers: yes
  vars:
    http_port: 80
  tasks:
    - name: configure apache conf file
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
        regexp: "^Listen"
        line: "Listen {{ http_port }}"
      notify: restart apache

    - name: install error
      dnf:
        name: westos
        state: latest

  handlers:
    - name: restart apache
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: restarted
        enabled: yes

3.changed_when
作用： 控制任务在何时报告它以进行更改

 name: apache change port
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  force_handlers: yes
  vars:
    http_port: 8080
  tasks:
    - name: configure apache conf file
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
        regexp: "^Listen"
        line: "Listen {{ http_port }}"
      changed_when: true
      notify: restart apache


  handlers:
    - name: restart apache
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: restarted
        enabled: yes

4.failed_when
当符合条件时强制任务失败

 name: test
  hosts: 172.25.0.254
  tasks:
    - name: shell
      shell: echo hello
      register: westos
      failed_when: "'hello' in westos.stdout"

5.block
block:         ##定义要运行的任务
rescue:        ##定义当block句子中出现失败任务后运行的任务
always：    ##定义最终独立运行的任务
实验： 

vim apache.yml
  - name:
    hosts: westos
    force_handlers: yes
    tasks:
      - name: test
        block:
          - name: test block
            debug:
              msg: block message

        rescue:   #当block句子中出现失败任务后运行的任务
          - name: test rescue
            debug:
              msg: rescue message

        always:
          - name: test always
            debug:
              msg: always

ansible-playbook apache.yml

 

vim apache.yml
  - name:
    hosts: westos
    force_handlers: yes
    tasks:
      - name: test
        block:
          - name: test block
            debug:
              msg: block message
            failed_when: yes  #强制此任务失败

        rescue:   #当block句子中出现失败任务后运行的任务
          - name: test rescue
            debug:
              msg: rescue message

        always:
          - name: test always
            debug:
              msg: always

ansible-playbook apache.yml

 

---

 测试练习#
建立playbook  ~/westos.yml要求如下:
建立大小为1500M名为/dev/vdb1的设备
如果/dev/vdb不存在请输入:
     /dev/vdb  is not exist
如果/dev/vdb大小不足2G请输出：
     /dev/vdb is less then 2G
并建立800M大小的/dev/vdb1
此设备挂载到/westos上