iOS六种手势操作
在我们平时使用app的时候,会涉及到一些比较奇特的功能,比如在查看图片的时候,大部分软件我们都可以双击放大图片,包括一些按钮,它的点按和长按也会有不同的效果,对于这些要怎么实现呢?
iOS 系统在 3.2 以后,他提供了六种常用的手势(UIGestureRecognizer 的子类),开发者可以直接使用他们进行手势操作。
手势操作类型
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- UIPanGestureRecognizer(拖动)
- UIPinchGestureRecognizer(捏合)
- UIRotationGestureRecognizer(旋转)
- UITapGestureRecognizer(点按)
- UILongPressGestureRecognizer(长按)
- UISwipeGestureRecognizer(轻扫)
除此之外,我们还可以自定义手势,通过一个继承于UIGestureRecognizer 的子类。
手势操作状态
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIGestureRecognizerState) {
UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible, // 尚未识别是何种手势操作(但可能已经触发了触摸事件),默认状态
UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan, // 手势已经开始,此时已经被识别,但是这个过程中可能发生变化,手势操作尚未完成
UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged, // 手势状态发生转变
UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded, // 手势识别操作完成(此时已经松开手指)
UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled, // 手势被取消,恢复到默认状态
UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed, // 手势识别失败,恢复到默认状态
UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized = UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded // 手势识别完成,同UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded
};
1.轻点手势(UITapGestureRecognizer)
//创建手势对象(轻点)
UITapGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(tapClick:)];
//设置相关属性
//点击次数(默认1)
tap.numberOfTapsRequired = 1;
//手指的个数(默认1)
tap.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1;
//添加到视图
[self.testView addGestureRecognizer:tap];
//点按
- (void)tapClick:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)tap {
NSLog(@"轻点手势响应!");
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor systemPinkColor];
}
2.长按手势(UILongPressGestureRecognizer)
//创建手势对象(长按)
UILongPressGestureRecognizer *longPressGesture = [[UILongPressGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(longPressClick:)];
//设置相关属性
//用几个手指触屏,默认1
longPressGesture.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1;
//设置最短长按时间,单位为秒(默认0.5)
longPressGesture.minimumPressDuration = 1;
//设置手势识别期间所允许的手势可移动范围
longPressGesture.allowableMovement = 10;
//添加到视图
[self.testView addGestureRecognizer:longPressGesture];
//长按
- (void)longPressClick:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)press {
//state属性是所有手势父类提供的方法,用于记录手势的状态
if (press.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan) {
NSLog(@"长按手势开始响应!");
} else if (press.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged) {
NSLog(@"长按手势状态发生改变!");
} else {
NSLog(@"长按手势结束!");
}
}
3.轻扫手势(UISwipeGestureRecognizer)
//创建手势对象(左扫)
UISwipeGestureRecognizer *leftSwipe = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(swipeGestureClick:)];
//设置轻扫的方向
leftSwipe.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft;
//添加到视图
[self.testView addGestureRecognizer:leftSwipe];
//右扫
UISwipeGestureRecognizer *rightSwipe = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(swipeGestureClick:)];
rightSwipe.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight;
[self.testView addGestureRecognizer:rightSwipe];
//轻扫
-(void)swipeGestureClick:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer *)swpie{
//如果是左扫
if (swpie.direction == UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft ) {
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
NSLog(@"左扫!");
} else {
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
NSLog(@"右扫!");
}
}
4.平移手势(UIPanGestureRecognizer)
//创建手势对象(平移)
UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGesture = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(panGestureClick:)];
//添加到视图
[self.testView addGestureRecognizer:panGesture];
//平移
- (void)panGestureClick:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)pan {
NSLog(@"响应!!");
//通过pan手势,能够获取到pan.view在self.view上的偏移量
CGPoint point = [pan translationInView:self.view];
NSLog(@"x=%.2lf y=%.2lf",point.x,point.y);
//改变中心点坐标(原来的中心点+偏移量=当前的中心点)
CGPoint newCenter = CGPointMake(pan.view.center.x + point.x, pan.view.center.y + point.y);
//CGPointZero<==>CGPointMake(0,0)
//限制拖动范围
newCenter.y = MAX(pan.view.frame.size.height/2, newCenter.y);
newCenter.y = MIN(self.view.frame.size.height - pan.view.frame.size.height/2, newCenter.y);
newCenter.x = MAX(pan.view.frame.size.width/2, newCenter.x);
newCenter.x = MIN(self.view.frame.size.width - pan.view.frame.size.width/2, newCenter.x);
pan.view.center = newCenter;
//每次调用之后,需要重置手势的偏移量,否则偏移量会自动累加
[pan setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
}
5.捏合手势(UIPinchGestureRecognizer)
//创建手势对象(捏合)
UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGesture = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(pichGestureClick:)];
//添加到视图
[self.testView addGestureRecognizer:pinchGesture];
//捏合
- (void)pichGestureClick:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)pinch {
//缩放的系数
NSLog(@"%.2lf", pinch.scale);
//固定写法
pinch.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(pinch.view.transform, pinch.scale, pinch.scale);
//重置缩放系数(否则系数会累加)
pinch.scale = 1.0;
}
6.旋转手势(UIRotationGestureRecognizer)
//创建手势对象(旋转)
UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotationGesture = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(rotationGestureClick:)];
//添加到视图
[self.testView addGestureRecognizer:rotationGesture];
//旋转
- (void)rotationGestureClick:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)rotation {
//rotation.rotation 手势旋转的角度
rotation.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(rotation.view.transform, rotation.rotation);
//重置角度
rotation.rotation = 20;
}
在之前看到安卓组同学写项目的时候用到了,一个左侧抽屉视图,在iOS中我尝试去找怎么写抽屉视图,查到的资料有用到第三方库的方法,但是这个方法讲的有些抽象,并没有太理解,经过学长的指导,这个抽屉视图用到的方法就是手势操作和动画之间的操作,通过平移操作来完成这一视图。