【iOS】—— 系统手势操作

iOS六种手势操作

在我们平时使用app的时候,会涉及到一些比较奇特的功能,比如在查看图片的时候,大部分软件我们都可以双击放大图片,包括一些按钮,它的点按和长按也会有不同的效果,对于这些要怎么实现呢?

iOS 系统在 3.2 以后,他提供了六种常用的手势(UIGestureRecognizer 的子类),开发者可以直接使用他们进行手势操作。

手势操作类型

🎇

  • UIPanGestureRecognizer(拖动)
  • UIPinchGestureRecognizer(捏合)
  • UIRotationGestureRecognizer(旋转)
  • UITapGestureRecognizer(点按)
  • UILongPressGestureRecognizer(长按)
    ​- UISwipeGestureRecognizer(轻扫)

除此之外,我们还可以自定义手势,通过一个继承于UIGestureRecognizer 的子类。

手势操作状态

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIGestureRecognizerState) {
     UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible,   // 尚未识别是何种手势操作(但可能已经触发了触摸事件),默认状态
     UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan,      // 手势已经开始,此时已经被识别,但是这个过程中可能发生变化,手势操作尚未完成
     UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged,    // 手势状态发生转变
     UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded,      // 手势识别操作完成(此时已经松开手指)
     UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled,  // 手势被取消,恢复到默认状态
     UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed,     // 手势识别失败,恢复到默认状态
     UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized = UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded // 手势识别完成,同UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded
 };

1.轻点手势(UITapGestureRecognizer)

    //创建手势对象(轻点)
    UITapGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(tapClick:)];
    //设置相关属性
    //点击次数(默认1)
    tap.numberOfTapsRequired = 1;
    //手指的个数(默认1)
    tap.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1;
    //添加到视图
    [self.testView addGestureRecognizer:tap];
//点按
- (void)tapClick:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)tap {
    NSLog(@"轻点手势响应!");
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor systemPinkColor];
}

2.长按手势(UILongPressGestureRecognizer)

    //创建手势对象(长按)
    UILongPressGestureRecognizer *longPressGesture = [[UILongPressGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(longPressClick:)];
    //设置相关属性
    //用几个手指触屏,默认1
    longPressGesture.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1;
    //设置最短长按时间,单位为秒(默认0.5)
    longPressGesture.minimumPressDuration = 1;
    //设置手势识别期间所允许的手势可移动范围
    longPressGesture.allowableMovement = 10;
    //添加到视图
    [self.testView addGestureRecognizer:longPressGesture];
//长按
- (void)longPressClick:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)press {
    //state属性是所有手势父类提供的方法,用于记录手势的状态
    if (press.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan) {
        NSLog(@"长按手势开始响应!");
    } else if (press.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged) {
        NSLog(@"长按手势状态发生改变!");
    } else {
        NSLog(@"长按手势结束!");
    }
}

3.轻扫手势(UISwipeGestureRecognizer)

    //创建手势对象(左扫)
    UISwipeGestureRecognizer *leftSwipe = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(swipeGestureClick:)];
    //设置轻扫的方向
    leftSwipe.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft;
    //添加到视图
    [self.testView addGestureRecognizer:leftSwipe];
    //右扫
    UISwipeGestureRecognizer *rightSwipe = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(swipeGestureClick:)];
    rightSwipe.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight;
    [self.testView addGestureRecognizer:rightSwipe];
//轻扫
-(void)swipeGestureClick:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer *)swpie{
    //如果是左扫
    if (swpie.direction == UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft ) {
        self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
        NSLog(@"左扫!");
    } else {
        self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
        NSLog(@"右扫!");
    }
}

4.平移手势(UIPanGestureRecognizer)

    //创建手势对象(平移)
    UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGesture = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(panGestureClick:)];
    //添加到视图
    [self.testView addGestureRecognizer:panGesture];
//平移
- (void)panGestureClick:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)pan {
    NSLog(@"响应!!");
    //通过pan手势,能够获取到pan.view在self.view上的偏移量
    CGPoint point = [pan translationInView:self.view];
    NSLog(@"x=%.2lf y=%.2lf",point.x,point.y);
    //改变中心点坐标(原来的中心点+偏移量=当前的中心点)
    CGPoint newCenter = CGPointMake(pan.view.center.x + point.x, pan.view.center.y + point.y);
    //CGPointZero<==>CGPointMake(0,0)
    
    //限制拖动范围
    newCenter.y = MAX(pan.view.frame.size.height/2, newCenter.y);
    newCenter.y = MIN(self.view.frame.size.height - pan.view.frame.size.height/2,  newCenter.y);
    newCenter.x = MAX(pan.view.frame.size.width/2, newCenter.x);
    newCenter.x = MIN(self.view.frame.size.width - pan.view.frame.size.width/2, newCenter.x);
    pan.view.center = newCenter;
    
    //每次调用之后,需要重置手势的偏移量,否则偏移量会自动累加
    [pan setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
}

5.捏合手势(UIPinchGestureRecognizer)

    //创建手势对象(捏合)
    UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGesture = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(pichGestureClick:)];
    //添加到视图
    [self.testView addGestureRecognizer:pinchGesture];
//捏合
- (void)pichGestureClick:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)pinch {
    //缩放的系数
    NSLog(@"%.2lf", pinch.scale);
    //固定写法
    pinch.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(pinch.view.transform, pinch.scale, pinch.scale);
    //重置缩放系数(否则系数会累加)
    pinch.scale = 1.0;
}

6.旋转手势(UIRotationGestureRecognizer)

    //创建手势对象(旋转)
    UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotationGesture = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(rotationGestureClick:)];
    //添加到视图
    [self.testView addGestureRecognizer:rotationGesture];
//旋转
- (void)rotationGestureClick:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)rotation {
    //rotation.rotation 手势旋转的角度
    rotation.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(rotation.view.transform, rotation.rotation);
    //重置角度
    rotation.rotation = 20;
}

在之前看到安卓组同学写项目的时候用到了,一个左侧抽屉视图,在iOS中我尝试去找怎么写抽屉视图,查到的资料有用到第三方库的方法,但是这个方法讲的有些抽象,并没有太理解,经过学长的指导,这个抽屉视图用到的方法就是手势操作和动画之间的操作,通过平移操作来完成这一视图。

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