虚函数和多态(c++)

在类的定义中，前面有 virtual 关键字的成员函数就是虚函数。

virtual 关键字只用在类定义里的函数声明中，写函数体时不用。

多态的表现形式一

下面给出一段代码：

class CBase { 
	 public:
	 virtual void SomeVirtualFunction() { } 
};
class CDerived:public CBase {
	public :
	virtual void SomeVirtualFunction() { }
};
int main()  {	
	CDerived ODerived;
	CBase * p = & ODerived;
	p -> SomeVirtualFunction();  //调用哪个虚函数取决于p指向哪种类型的对象
	return 0;
}

 多态的表现形式二

class CBase { 
	 public:
	 virtual void SomeVirtualFunction() { } 
};
class CDerived:public CBase {
	public :
	virtual void SomeVirtualFunction() { }
};
int main()  {	
	CDerived ODerived;
	CBase & r = ODerived;
	r.SomeVirtualFunction();  //调用哪个虚函数取决于r引用哪种类型的对象
	return 0;
}

 多态的简单示例

class A { 
	public :  	
	virtual  void Print(  ) 
	{   cout << "A::Print"<<endl ; }
};
class B: public A { 
	public :  	
	virtual  void Print(  ) {   cout << "B::Print" <<endl; }
};
class D: public A {	  
	public: 
	virtual  void Print(  ) {   cout << "D::Print" << endl ; }
};
class E: public B { 
	virtual  void Print(  ) {   cout << "E::Print" << endl ; }
};
int main()  {
   A  a; B  b;     E e; D d;
   A * pa = &a;  B * pb = &b;    
   D * pd = &d ; E * pe = &e;  

   pa->Print();     
   pa = pb;         
   pa -> Print();   
   pa =  pd;
   pa -> Print();   
   pa = pe;
   pa -> Print();   
   return 0;
}

 

 

 多态的作用