2024 idea Java最新spring项目案例保姆教程（分步讲解）

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-15 15:14:58 发布

李乐逸.

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-15 15:14:58 发布

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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： spring java 后端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_62519898/article/details/140306490

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开发流程（完整版）

创建项目流程

创建一个maven项目
创建一个新的包 com.theima
在com.theima包里面创建名为：config，controller，dao，domain，service.impl的包
在resources里面创建一个文件jdbc.properties
在com.theima的config里面创建三个Java类：JdbcConfig，MybatisConfig，SpringConfig

配置项目流程

配置pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>untitled</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.23</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.23</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.23</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.16</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.28</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.16</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>



    </dependencies>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <port>80</port>
                    <path>/</path>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2. 配置resources的jdbc.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm_db  //这里意味着数据库名字是ssm_db
jdbc.username = root
jdbc.password = root

3. 编写 config的SpringConfig.java

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.theima.service"})
@PropertySource("jdbc.properties")
@Import({JdbcConfig.class, MybatisConfig.class})

4. 编写JdbcConfig.java

package com.theima.config;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

public class JdbcConfig {

    @Value("${}jdbc.")
    private String driver;
    @Value("${}jdbc.")
    private String url;
    @Value("${}jdbc.")
    private String username;
    @Value("${}jdbc.")
    private String password;

     public DataSource dataSource(){
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(driver);
        dataSource.setUrl(url);
        dataSource.setUsername(username);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);

        return dataSource;
    }
}

5. 编写MyBatisConfig.java

package com.theima.config;

import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

public class MybatisConfig {
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory(DataSource dataSource){
        SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);       //这个是原本bean
        factoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.theima.domain");    //这个是扫描的时候用的bean
        return factoryBean;
    }
}

学长指导：

也可以配置pom.xml导包，以及application.yml写配置即可（如下）
pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>untitled</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- 告诉程序是个spring项目   https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.23</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.23</version>
        </dependency>
         -->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.23</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis.spring.boot/mybatis-spring-boot-starter -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.2</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.28</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid-spring-boot-starter -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.8</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>



    </dependencies>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <port>80</port>
                    <path>/</path>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

3. application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: demonstration
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demonstration?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password:  
    druid:
      initial-size: 5
      min-idle: 5
      max-active: 20
      max-wait: 60000
      time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 60000
      min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 300000
      validation-query: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
      test-while-idle: true
      test-on-borrow: false
      test-on-return: false
      pool-prepared-statements: true
      max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20
mybatis:
  # application.yml 示例
  type-aliases-package: com.theima.domain # 别名类所在的包
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml  # 映射文件位置

注：这里需要创建数据库，以及记得填password

功能模块开发

创建文件

在domain里创建Book文件

package com.theima.domain;

public class Book {
    private Integer id;
    private String type;
    private String name;
    private String description;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", description='" + description + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }
}

在dao里面创建BookDao接口
在theima包下创建新接口BookServic
在service下的impl包里创建BookServiceImpl类
在controller下创建BookController类，并且实现BookService接口

public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService { }

注：接下来首先要在每个类中创建所有的功能

BookDao

声明功能

增

public void save(Book book); //把实体类当作参数传进去

删

public void delete(Integer id);

改

public void update(Book book);

查

public Book getById(Integer id); //按照id查询 
public List<Book> getAll(); //查询全部，返回查询的全部集合

接下来对以上功能加注解，编写MySQL代码

增加注解

增

@Insert("insert into tbl_book values(null,#{type},#{name},#{description})")
//这里的null是不需要id，所以这里写空，或者把其他都列举一遍 如下：
//@Insert("insert into tbl_book (type, name, description) values (#{type}, #{name}, #{description})")
//上面那行，括号里面的字段是表里面字段的属性，大括号里面是Book属性
//以及这里的type是Book的属性
public void save(Book book); //把实体类当作参数传进去

删

@Delete("delete from tbl_book where id = #{id}")
public void delete(Integer id);

改

@Update("update tbl_book set type = #{type}, name = #{name},description = #{description} where id = #{id}")
//这里就是指按照id匹配以后，把新的这些数据输进去
public void update(Book book);

查

@Select("select * from tbl_book where id = #{id}")
public Book getById(Integer id); //按照id查询

@Select("select * from tbl_book")
public List<Book> getAll(); //查询全部，返回查询的全部集合

在BookService中实现

BookService

用于提供业务层接口

编写声明

增

/**
 * 保存
 * @param book
 * @return
 */
public boolean save(Book book); //把实体类当作参数传进去

删

/**
 * 按id删除
 * @param id
 * @return
 */
public boolean delete(Integer id);

改

/**
 * 修改
 * @param book
 * @return
 */
public boolean update(Book book);

查

/**
 * 按id查询
 * @param id
 * @return
 */
public Book getById(Integer id); //按照id查询

/**
 * 查询全部
 * @return
 */
public List<Book> getAll(); //查询全部，返回查询的全部集合

这里添加注释可以方便后续开发中查询

BookServiceImpl.java

创建实现

增

@Override
public boolean save(Book book) {
    return false;
}

删

@Override
public boolean updata(Book book) {
    return false;
}

改

@Override
public boolean delete(Integer id) {
    return false;
}

查

@Override
public Book getById(Integer id) {
    return null;
}

@Override
public List<Book> getAll() {
    return null;
}

实现Dao接口

先创建BookDao接口的实现类

//需要使用Dao的接口,这里就是在创建BookDao接口的实现类
private BookDao bookDao;

定义bean和自动装配

//开始定义bean
@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
    //在这里定义自动装配
    @Autowired
    
    ...
}

解决自动装配时系统误以为找不到BookDao的问题

在这里把自动装配的报错等级降低即可

注：在idea英文版里面，这里的步骤 1 叫Incorrect injection point autowiring in Spring bean components

编写基础实现

增

@Override
public boolean save(Book book) {
    bookDao.save(book);
    return true;
}

删

@Override
public boolean delete(Integer id) {
    bookDao.delete (id);
    return false;
}

改

@Override
public boolean update(Book book) {
    bookDao.update(book);
    return false;
}

查

@Override
public Book getById(Integer id) {
    return bookDao.getById(id);
}

@Override
public List<Book> getAll() {
    return bookDao.getAll();
}

BookController.java （最主要的文件）

前置设置

描述它是一个控制器类

//描述它是一个控制器类
@RestController

配置这个模块的公共映射

//配置这个模块的公共映射
@RequestMapping("/books")  //这里的books是模块名

自动装配

//自动装配
@Autowired

调用业务层接口

//调用业务层接口
private BookService bookService;

实现功能

把需要的功能加进来

public boolean save(Book book) {
    return bookService.save(book);
}

public boolean update(Book book) {
    return bookService.update(book);
}

public boolean delete(Integer id) {
    return bookService.delete (id);
}

public Book getById(Integer id) {
    return bookService.getById(id);
}

public List<Book> getAll() {
    return bookService.getAll();
}

修改请求message

这里看代码注释就行，写的很全

//修改请求message
@PostMapping
public boolean save(@RequestBody/*这里的book数据从请求体中获得，所以要写@*/ Book book) {
    return bookService.save(book);
}

//修改请求message
@PutMapping
public boolean update(@RequestBody/*这里的book数据从请求体中获得，所以要写@*/ Book book) {
    return bookService.update(book);
}

//修改请求message
@DeleteMapping("/{id}") //由于查询和删除传的都是id，所以这里需要带上路径
public boolean delete(@PathVariable/*这里的book数据从请求路径中获得，所以要写@*/ Integer id) {
    return bookService.delete (id);
}

//修改请求message
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public Book getById(@PathVariable/*这里的book数据从请求路径中获得，所以要写@*/ Integer id) {
    return bookService.getById(id);
}

//修改请求message
@GetMapping
public List<Book> getAll() {
    return bookService.getAll();
}

这时候就需要开始编写测试类，测试刚刚已经开发完的部分了

测试类编写

创建测试类

在test下的Java里面，新建一个Java类，名叫com.theima.service.BookServiceTest
用spring整合结构内容测试

//开始用spring整合结构内容测试
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

指定配置类

//指定配置类
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class) //我们要测的结构目前在spring下，不在springMVC下
//这里直接写会报错，所以前面要加"classes = "来告诉它这是一个类而不是值

最终效果

package com.theima.service;

import com.theima.config.SpringConfig;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

//开始用spring整合结构内容测试
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)   //这句没懂其实
//指定配置类
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class) //我们要测的结构目前在spring下，不在springMVC下
//这里直接写会报错，所以前面要加"classes = "来告诉它这是一个类而不是值
public class BookServiceTest {
    ...;
}

编写测试方法

开始编写测试方法

//开始编写测试方法
@Test
public void testGetById(){
    ...;
}

在测试方法前补充自动装配

//自动装配
@Autowired
private BookService bookService;